突发公共卫生事件中权责冲突的伦理应对

Ethical Response to the Conflict between Rights and Responsibilities in Public Health Emergencies

权责的冲突是突发公共卫生事件中一个非常突出的问题。处理这一问题既要顾及个人服从义务和个人权益保护之间的平衡,也要做到社会权益实现和社会责任承担之间的对等。其中通过个人权益的妥协以实现社会权益的道德基础应诉诸集体主义,而不是功利主义或利他主义。同时,社会权益在实现自身的过程中也应保护个人的正当权益,并且遵循比例相称、公开透明、互惠对等和补偿救济的伦理原则。总之,在突发公共卫生事件中,伦理观念应实现由生命伦理向公共健康伦理的转变,应强调团结的价值和倡导团结的公共精神。

The conflict between rights and responsibilities is a very prominent problem in public health emergencies.The settlement needs to balance the obligation of individual obedience and the protection of personal rights and interests,and to parallel the realization of social rights and social responsibilities.The moral foundation of realizing social rights through compromise of individual rights should appeal to collectivism instead of utilitarianism or altruism.At the same time,in the process of realizing social rights and interests,the individual's legitimate rights and interests should be protected,and the ethical principles of proportionality,transparency,reciprocity and compensation should be followed.In short,in public health emergencies,ethical concepts should be transformed from bioethics to public health ethics,and the value of solidarity and the public spirit of solidarity should be strongly advocated.