控烟干预的伦理框架:共识和争议

The Ethical Framework of Tobacco Control Interventions:Consensus and Controversy

烟草依赖是一种对人类健康危害巨大的疾病,我国已制定具体的控烟战略目标和行动计划,其中的伦理问题需要被重视和思考。虽然在生命伦理学原则的基础上,目前对控烟干预的伦理框架达成了共识,但亦存在争议。共识的基本点是有利原则、不伤害原则、公正原则、尊重自主原则、透明度原则和真实性原则的伦理框架,而争议的矛盾点是个人自主权的尊重和公共健康的获益的伦理权衡,前者强调的是个人自主权的不容退让,后者强调的是个人对于人类群体的责任。

Tobacco dependence is a disease that causes great harm to human health.China has formulated specific strategic goals and action plans for tobacco control,and the ethical issues of tobacco control need to be paid attention to and considered.Although there is a basic consensus on the ethical framework of tobacco control intervention on the basis of bioethical principle,there are also disputes.The fundamental consensus is the ethical framework of beneficence principle,the principle of nonmaleficence,justice principle,respect for autonomy,transparency and truthfulness,and the controversial contradiction is the ethical balance between respect for individual autonomy and benefits of public health.The former emphasizes the sanctity of individual autonomy,while the latter emphasizes the responsibility of individuals for human groups.