卵母细胞冷冻的伦理治理

Ethical Governance of Oocyte Freezing

非医学原因卵母细胞冻存技术应用的风险属性,凸显了伦理治理的必要性和紧迫性。这些风险主要包括:技术应用风险和实操过程的不确定性;非医学原因冻卵有可能损害女性的福祉;冻卵后期处置存在不确定性;有可能增加女性的经济负担,诱发不平等现象。伦理治理应当遵循以下原则:其一,从“生育权”出发进行伦理阐释,不宜在单身健康女性生育方式选择上做“扩大解释”。其二,科学评估技术适用对象外扩对医疗服务的消极影响,审慎评估其与鼓励生育政策目标之间的冲突。其三,以医疗机构为核心,完善人类辅助生殖服务的政策、法治环境。

The risk attribute of oocyte freezing technology for non-medical reasons highlights the necessity and urgency of ethical governance.These risks mainly involve the uncertainty in the application and operation process,possible harm to women's well-being,the uncertainty in the disposal of frozen eggs,possible increased economic burden on women and other inequalities.Ethical governance should keep to the following principles:first,ethical discussion should be built on reproductive rights,no extensive interpretation on reproductive mode choice of healthy single women.Second,scientific assessment may focus on both the negative impact of the expansion of the technology on medical services and the conflict with the objectives of pro-natalist policy.Thirdly,to improve the policy and legal environment of assisted reproductive services in medical institutions.