工作时间与工作绩效的非线性关系:一项元分析

Nonlinear relationship between work hours and job performance:A meta-analysis

基于42篇文献的64项独立研究,总样本量为22843人的数据,对工作时间与工作绩效的非线性关系进行了元分析。结果发现:(1)工作时间与任务绩效、关系绩效之间存在显著的倒U型关系;(2)国家类型的调节作用显著:相对于西方欧美国家,工作时间与任务绩效、关系绩效的倒U型关系在中国更为显著;(3)产业类型的调节作用显著:相对于劳动、资本密集型产业,工作时间与任务绩效的倒U型关系在知识密集型产业中更为显著;(4)年龄的调节作用显著:相对于高年龄水平,工作时间与任务绩效的倒U型关系在低年龄水平群体中更为显著;(5)性别的调节作用显著:相对于低男性比例,工作时间与关系绩效的倒U型关系在高男性比例群体中更为显著。结果不仅基于元分析厘清了工作时间与工作绩效的倒U型关系效应,而且为劳动法中工时规定(例如周均工作时间不超过44小时)的合理性提供了科学依据,警示组织注意工作时间对工作绩效的“过犹不及”效应。

This research used meta-analysis to explore the nonlinear relationship between work hours and job performance based on 42 articles covering 64 effect sizes and 22843 subjects.Results showed that:(1)Work hours had a significant inverted U-shaped correlation with task performance and contextual performance.(2)Compared with America and European countries,work hours had a stronger and significant inverted U-shaped relationship with task performance and contextual performance in China.(3)Compared with labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries,in the knowledge-intensive industries,work hours had a stronger and significant inverted U-shaped relationship with task performance;(4)Compared to older participants,work hours had a stronger and significant inverted U-shaped relationship with task performance in the younger participants;(5)Compared to participants with a lower proportion of the males,when the data came from participants with a higher proportion of the males,work hours had a stronger and significant inverted U-shaped relationship with contextual performance.These results clarify the inverted U-shaped relationship between work hours and performance.In addition,these findings could provide a reference for standard hours stipulated by Labor Law in China(e.g.working hours should not exceed 44 hours/week)and warn that organizations should pay attention to the too-much-of-a-good-thing effect of work hours on job performance.