应激环境下亲社会性的增加:来自不同类型的亲社会偏好的研究证据

Prosociality increases under stress:Evidence from different types of prosocial preferences

人们面临对生理或者心理产生威胁的应激事件时并不一定表现出敌意和攻击,也可能表现出更强的亲社会性。研究发现,基于利他动机、规则动机、策略性动机的或者基于自我报告的亲社会偏好在应激环境下都可能增强,这可能和应激环境下直觉增强、共情提升和亲社会行为有助于改善负面情绪方面的机制有关。未来研究可以从应激的性质、诱发方式、影响机制、个体差异和发展特征等方面去理解应激增加亲社会性的条件,从而提高群体韧性。

People do not necessarily show hostility and aggression in the face of physical or psychological stress.Prosociality may increase under stress.People in stressful environments may exhibit significantly more frequent altruistically motivated,norm motivated,strategically motivated,and self-reported prosocial preferences.Here,we discuss the evidence that the influence of stress on human prosocial preferences is related to three psychological mechanisms:more intuitional and habitual thinking;an increased level of empathy;and greater emotional regulation.Future research should focus on clarifying the conditions under which prosocial levels is enhanced under stress by examining the modulating factors such as the nature of stress,the way of inducing stress,the mechanism of the effect on prosociality,individual differences of stress and prosociality,and developmental characteristics of prosocial preferences under stress.Understanding these factors could lead to strategies to help people achieve more resilience in the face of stress.