人格、方法与身份:抽象的人与知识分子现实性的遗失

Personality,Method,Identity:“Person in Abstract”and the Stray of Intellectual Reality

作为思想观念生产者的知识分子本身是一个重要的学术论题。《德意志意识形态》中对“抽象的人”的批判和对“现实的人”的揭示关系到知识分子的意识形态问题,对当代知识分子意义重大。知识分子如果从“抽象的人”出发则易丧失其现实性,沦落为“抽象的知识分子”,从而深陷人格迷梦,以道德说教的方式谋求人格成就和人类解放;更易误入方法迷途,由脱离现实的纯粹思辨走向理论和现实的双重僭越;致使身份迷失,因不明分工的阶级根源而导致职业自负并丧失阶级意识。新时代知识分子只有从“现实的人”出发认识自我并开展研究,才能在实践中成就理想人格;立足现实进行思辨和批判;追求真理而不迷失自己的阶级归属,在新征程中发挥重要作用,实现自身价值。

The intellectuals,also known as the producers of views and values,are an important academic thesis.The criticism of“Person in Abstract”and the revelation of“Person in Reality”in German Ideology concern the ideology of intellectuals,and are of great significance to contemporary intellectuals.If starting from“Person in Abstract”,the intellectuals might lose their realistic concern,falling to“Intellectual in Abstract”,and be caught in personality illusions,thus seeking personality achievement and human liberation by moral preaching.In addition,intellectuals might stray into the wrong paths from pure speculation detached from reality to double arrogation of theory and reality.It will lead to identity loss,professional conceit and losing class consciousness caused by class origins with unclear labor divisions.Only from the perspective of“Person in Reality”to conduct self-recognition and research can the intellectuals in the new era achieve ideal personalities in practice,speculate and critique based on the reality,and pursue the truth without losing their class property,thus making a big difference in the new journey as well as realizing their own values.