城乡融合区乡村地域多功能空间分异及影响因素——以福州东部片区为例

Spatial differentiation and influencing factors of rural territorial multi-functions in urban-rural integration area:A case study of Eastern Fuzhou

乡村地域多功能是有效破解城乡二元结构、促进城乡融合发展的重要途径。本文以国家城乡融合发展试验区——福州东部片区为研究区,基于乡镇域尺度分析研究区乡村地域多功能空间分异规律与特征,使用地理探测器分析空间分异的影响因素。结果表明:(1)研究区各乡镇的乡村单一功能空间格局特征表现为农业生产功能在沿海小范围聚集,工业发展和生活保障功能主要集中分布在福州城区边缘郊区和南部乡镇,生态保育功能西部山区大于东部乡镇,而旅游休闲功能主要分布在中北部乡镇和平潭岛;(2)依据LSE模型,将研究区乡镇划分为五功能、四功能、三功能、双功能复合区和单功能主导区,其中拥有五、四功能复合区的乡镇共计58个,占比45.68%,说明研究区乡村地域多功能整体上处于较高水平,城乡融合发展基础良好;(3)乡村地域多功能的空间分异受自然环境、社会经济等内外因素的共同影响,自然环境因素塑造了乡村地域初始与特色功能,地理区位因素促进乡村功能的形成与分化,社会经济是优化乡村功能的基础因素,政策资金是推动乡村多功能转型的主导因素。研究结果为进一步推进区域城乡融合发展与乡村振兴提供科学依据。

Rural multi-functionality is an important way to solve problems related to the urbanrural dualistic structure effectively and promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas.This paper takes Eastern Fuzhou,the national urban-rural integrated development pilot zone as the research area to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of rural territorial multi-functions and the influencing factors with geodetector on the township scale.The results show that:Firstly,the spatial pattern of rural single-function in the research area reveals various features,for example,the agricultural production functions are clustered in small areas along the coast;the industrial development function and the living function are mainly concentrated in the city fringe area and southern townships;the ecological conversation function is mainly expanded in the western towns;the tourism and leisure function is mainly distributed in central and northern parts as well as Pingtan Island.Secondly,according to the LSE model,the research area is identified into several parts:five-function complex area,four-function complex area,three-function complex area,dual-function complex area and single-function dominated area,of which 58 towns are involved in four-and five-function complex areas,accounting for 45.68%of the total number.This reflects a high level of the multi-functionality of rural areas with a good foundation of urban-rural integration in the research area on the whole.Thirdly,the spatial differentiation of multi-functions in rural areas is affected by internal and external factors such as natural environment and social economy.Natural environment factors shape the original and characteristic functions of rural areas,location factors promote the formation and differentiation of rural functions,social economy is the basic factor optimizing rural functions while policy and capital are the leading factors accelerating the multi-functional transition of rural areas.The conclusion provides a scientific basis for further promoting regional urbanrural integration and rural revitalization.