磷酸掺杂型高温质子交换膜燃料电池关键材料研究进展

Research progress on key materials of phosphoric acid doped high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

高温质子交换膜燃料电池(HT-PEMFC)由于较高的工作温度(130~220℃),具有较快的电极反应动力学、较强的抗燃料/空气中杂质毒化能力、广泛的燃料来源(甲醇重整气、工业副产氢等)及简单的水/热管理系统等优点。因此,HT-PEMFC将成为聚合物膜燃料电池的重要前沿发展方向之一。重点介绍了北京航空航天大学团队近十年来在HT-PEMFC关键材料-高温膜、催化层和膜电极等方面的研究进展,针对磷酸(PA)掺杂型高温膜的质子传导率和机械性能之间的最佳平衡点、催化层中PA分布和迁移对电池性能的影响机制,以及大尺寸膜电极一致性对电堆性能影响与衰减机制等科学问题,从聚电解质膜材料的分子设计、有序催化层结构调控和大尺寸膜电极电堆优化等工作进行了梳理,对HT-PEMFC技术所面临的技术挑战问题与未来发展趋势做出了评述和展望。

High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEMFC)has fast electrode reaction kinetics,strong resistance to fuel/air impurity poisoning,a wide range of fuel sources(pure hydrogen,methanol-reforming gas,formic acid,etc.),and simple water/thermal management systems due to their high operating temperature(130℃-200℃).They have become one of the important development directions of polymer membrane fuel cells.This paper mainly introduces the research progress of Beihang University in HT-PEMFC key materials-high-temperature membrane,catalytic layer,and membrane electrode assemblies in recent ten years.Aiming at the best balance between proton conductivity and mechanical properties of phosphoric acid(PA)doped high-temperature membrane,the influence mechanism of PA distribution and migration in the catalytic layer on cell performance,and the influence and attenuation mechanism of large-size membrane electrode consistency on stack performance.The molecular design of polyelectrolyte membrane materials,the regulation of ordered catalytic layer structure,and the optimization of large-size membrane electrode stack were reviewed,and the technical challenges faced by HT-PEMFC technology as well as the future development trend are reviewed and prospected.