我国慈善组织的基本概况:命名、成立时间及地域分布的特征——基于全国慈善信息公开平台信息的分析

An analysis of the characteristics of naming,founding time and geographical distribution of charitable organizations in China-Analysis based on the information of the National Charity Information Disclosure Platform

慈善组织是慈善活动最重要的策划者和实施者,是国家合作治理体系中重要的组织和机制保障。2016年《中华人民共和国慈善法》的颁布,极大地促进了我国慈善组织的发展。慈善组织在数量上持续增长的态势迫切需要系统地梳理当前慈善组织的名称、成立时间以及地理分布等特征,这是后期进行深入研究的基础和政策决策的参考。然而,现有的研究主要集中在慈善组织的发展困境、发展环境以及治理路径等方面。鉴于此,论文基于全国慈善信息公开平台中的慈善组织信息的统计,运用SPSS软件对获得的数据进行描述性分析,尝试回答当前慈善组织的名称、成立时间以及地理分布特征等问题。研究结果表明:第一,我国慈善组织的冠名有五种类别:分别是红十字会、基金会、总会、协会和中心,其中“基金会”是冠名最多的类型。第二,就成立时间来看,基本趋势是先慢后快,2016年以后尤其是2017年前后达到峰值,而后有所下降。慈善组织的每一次发展壮大的时间节点,都伴随着国家法规政策制定的背景。可见政策环境对于慈善组织的发展有极强的正相关作用。第三,从慈善组织的地域分布特征来看,仍然是东多西少的状态。这与经济、教育、政治和文化等因素都密切相关。给我们的研究启示是,未来需要更多地侧重东西部地域的慈善组织发展状况及内在机理的比较研究。基于以上研究结果,文章认为国家应当对慈善组织进行统一的摸底调研,为促进慈善组织在合作治理中更有效地发挥其主体作用奠定基础。文章不仅能够有助于拓展和丰富现有慈善组织的研究范畴,而且能够为我国公共管理实务工作者提供有价值的决策参考。

Charitable organizations are the most important planners and implementers of charitable activities,as well as an important organizational and institutional guarantee in the national cooperative governance system.The promulgation of Charity Law of the People's Republic of China in 2016 has greatly promoted the development of charitable organizations in China.As the number of charitable organizations continues to increase,it is urgent to systematically sort out the name,establishment time and geographical distribution of the current charitable organizations,which is the basis for further research and the reference for policy decisions.However,the existing research mainly focuses on the development dilemma,development environment and governance path of charitable organizations.In view of this,based on the statistics of charity organization information in the national charity information disclosure platform,this paper uses SPSS software to conduct descriptive analysis of the data obtained,and tries to answer the name,establishment time and geographical distribution characteristics of the current charity organization.The results show that:First,there are five categories of charitable organizations in China:Red Cross Society,foundation,federation,association and center,among which"foundation"is the most named type.Second,in terms of the establishment time,the basic trend is slow first and then fast,reaching the peak after 2016,especially around 2017,and then declining.Each time the development and expansion of charitable organizations is accompanied by the background of national regulations and policies.It can be seen that the policy environment has a strong positive correlation with the development of charitable organizations.Third,from the perspective of the geographical distribution characteristics of charitable organizations,there are still more in the east and less in the west.This is closely related to economic,educational,political and cultural factors.In the future,we need to pay more attention to the comparative study of the development status and internal mechanism of charitable organizations in the eastern and western regions.Based on the above research results,this paper believes that the state should conduct a unified survey on charitable organizations,so as to lay the foundation for promoting charitable organizations to play their main role in cooperative governance more effectively.This paper can not only help to expand and enrich the existing charitable organization's research category,but also provide valuable decision-making reference for Chinese public management practitioners.