创面瘢痕形成机制研究进展

Advances in understanding the mechanism of wound scar formation

皮肤是保护人体免受侵害的第一道防线,常因接触物理、化学因子及微生物与病原体等造成各种创面.创面的修复需要多种细胞、细胞因子和细胞外基质相互协同来完成.由于过度炎症反应以及细胞外基质表达沉积与交联异常,创面再生修复通常不能实现,而是伴随着不同程度的瘢痕形成.瘢痕的形成影响皮肤功能,给患者带来心理障碍、身体痛苦,严重影响生活质量,但目前对瘢痕治疗尚缺乏特异且有效的药物.近儿年,人们利用动物模型、单细胞分析、示踪成像等技术对于创面瘢痕形成的具体分子生物学机制进行了深入广泛研究.讨论创面瘢痕形成机制的最新研究进展,深入阐释瘢痕形成机制,为未来研究抗疤痕药物和组织再生提供新思路.

The skin is the first line of the protective barrier that is constantly exposed to various insults,such as physical and chemical factors,microbes,and pathogens,often causing skin injuries.The healing of injured skin is a highly dynamic and organized process orchestrated by the interactions of various cell types,cytokines,and extracellular matrix.However,chronic inflammation and excessive collagen synthesis during wound healing can develop skin fibrosis,eventually becoming a permanent scar.Fi brotic skin or scarring frequently compromises skin function and causes mental trauma,physical pain,and a heavy financial burden.Despite this,specific and effective anti-scarring drugs are still lacking in clinical practice.Over the past several years,studies using mouse models,signal cell analysis,and lineage tracing techniques have unraveled significant molecular mechanisms underlying scar formation.This review discusses the latest research advances on scar formation during skin repair.Further study of the scar formation mechanisms will provide novel insights into the possible development of anti-scar and tissue-regeneration drugs.