教育扶贫与人力资本积累:事实、机制与政策含义

Educational Poverty Alleviation and Human Capital Accumulation:Evidence,Mechanisms and Policy Implications

本文以教育扶贫工程为切入点,探讨政府精准教育扶贫的人力资本积累效应。研究发现:教育扶贫工程显著提高了贫困地区义务教育阶段少儿的认知能力和部分非认知能力。其作用机制是,在公共教育方面,相关政策促进了公共教育领域的实物投资和人力资源投资;在家庭教育方面,相关政策激励家庭增加了下一代的教育支出和储蓄,从而有助于增进下一代人力资本积累,但家庭教育观念和方式改善不显著。此外,教育扶贫政策对来自弱势背景家庭的孩子作用更显著,意味着这一扶贫项目避免了“精英俘获”困境,符合精准扶贫的预期。本文结论为经济发展新阶段下教育扶贫项目相关方案和配套政策的设计提供了启示。

This paper investigates the effect of the targeted educational poverty alleviation program on children’s human capital accumulation,and we have following findings.First,the educational poverty alleviation policy significantly improves the cognitive abilities and some non-cognitive abilities of adolescents in the compulsory education stage in poverty-stricken areas.Second,the mechanism of the policy is such that,in terms of public education,the policy promotes both physical investment and investment in human resources;in terms of family education,the policy encourages families to increase their educational expenditure and savings for the next generation,which favours the accumulation of human capital for adolescents.However,the perspectives and methods of family education have not changed significantly.Third,the policy benefits children from disadvantaged family backgrounds the most.It indicates that the policy accurately promotes education and the accumulation of human capital among the most disadvantaged groups,which is in line with the objective of“targeted poverty alleviation”.In the new stage of economic development,this paper provides inspiration for the design of relevant programs and policies to support educational poverty alleviation programs.