添加秸秆堆肥处理厨余垃圾过程中蛋白类物质转化及微生物群落研究

Study on proteinaceous components conversion and microbial community during composting of food waste added by straw bulking agents

将玉米、水稻、油菜和小麦四种农业秸秆作为填充剂与厨余垃圾进行堆肥,分析堆体理化性质,利用不同表征方式分析堆体成熟度、稳定度变化情况,并采用高通量测序技术研究堆肥不同阶段的微生物菌群特性.结果表明:依照堆肥成熟要求,经35 d堆肥后,仅未添加填充剂的堆肥处理组不满足堆肥成熟要求,而四组不同填充剂的堆肥产品均满足堆肥成熟要求;添加填充剂可以促进降解纤维素的变形菌门和拟杆菌门的富集;当堆肥过程结束时,4个秸秆组存在纤维弧菌和糖单孢菌等具有分解纤维素等难溶性有机质能力的菌属;与堆肥初期相比,添加玉米秸秆后,腐熟期氨基酸代谢序列的相对丰度增加了8.9%,且脯氨酸含量增加量最高,腐熟期时增加至129.69 mmol/kg.相较而言,玉米秸秆是较优的填充剂.

As bulking agents,maize stalks,rice stalks,rape stalks and wheat stalks were composted with food waste,and the related physicochemical properties were analyzed to understand the maturity and stability of the final composts.The microbial community at different stages of composting were studied by high-throughput sequencing technology.Results show that the compost groups without adding bulking agents fail to meet the maturity standard after a 35 days′incubation according to the compost maturity requirements.In contrast,all the compost products aided with different bulking agents in four groups could meet the compost maturity requirements.The addition of bulking agents could promote the enrichment of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes,which are responsible for the degradation of cellulose.At the end of composting,microbial communities in four groups of bulking agents,namely Cellvibrio and Saccharomonospora could be noted in the final compost,showing the capability of decomposing cellulose and other insoluble organic components.Compared with the initial stage of composting,after adding maize stalks,the relative abundance of metabolic sequences of amino acids in the maturity stage is increased by 8.9%.Moreover,the increase of proline content is the highest,showing an increase to 129.69 mmol/kg at the maturity stage.In comparison,maize stalk is the most suitable straw bulking agent.