闲暇时间配置对个体劳动生产率的影响研究

The Effect of Individual Leisure Time Allocation on Labor Productivity in China

文章运用潜在类别分析法对个体的闲暇时间配置模式进行联合分析。在将闲暇时间配置模式纳入内生增长模型的基础上,利用《2019—2020中国经济生活大调查》数据考察了闲暇时间配置模式对个体劳动生产率的影响。研究发现,个体的闲暇时间配置可以分为静态自我型、网络偏好型、休闲全能型和社交运动型4种模式。随着休闲模式从静态自我型的“即时满足类”向休闲全能型和社交运动型的“延迟满足类”转变时,个体劳动生产率提高的概率大幅增加。经过一系列的内生性和稳健性等敏感性检验,研究结论依然稳定、可信。机制研究表明,“延迟满足类”休闲活动能通过提升人力资本质量来促进个体劳动生产率提高。该研究结论为促进个体生产效率的改善提供了新的路径选择。

In summary,with the improvement of work efficiency and living standards,people’s leisure time increases.The choice of individual leisure activities is a“double-edged sword”;positive and healthy leisure activities will be conducive to helping individuals release pressure,maintain physical and mental health and improve their human capital,whereas negative leisure activities will greatly damage their physical and mental health.Therefore,how to allocate leisure time and what effect it will have on labor productivity have become important issues worthy of study.Some scholars have conducted explorative research on the relationship between individual leisure activity selection and job performance,which has provided a solid basis for revealing the impact of individual leisure time allocation on labor productivity.However,the relationship between leisure activities and work performance is far from reaching a consensus conclusion.That is,consistent evidence supports the role of sports leisure activities in reducing stress,promoting health and alleviating depression symptoms,and the impact of social leisure activities,cultural leisure activities and creative leisure activities on work performance are fuzzy,uncertain and even opposite.In addition,most of the previous studies focus on a single leisure activity,and the previous studies only study the relationship between them instead of considering the dynamic changes and random uncertainties of individual leisure behavior.Consequently,the conclusions totally rely on sample selection.Based on the lack of research and the mechanism of leisure activity and individual job performance,our study empirically analyzes the relationship between leisure time allocation and labor productivity.To overcome the instability of individual single variable leisure activity selection,rather than taking the traditional way to make single variable leisure activity as the core practice,this article first uses latent class analysis(LCA) to conduct an analysis of individual leisure behavior modes,investigates the impact of the leisure time allocation mode on labor productivity,and further discusses the impact and mechanism of leisure time allocation on individual labor productivity.The results show the following:(1) Individual leisure time allocation patterns can be divided into four potential categories:static self-type,network preference,social sports type and leisure all-around type.(2) With the transition of the individual leisure mode from the instant gratification type to the delayed gratification type,the probability of increasing individual labor productivity increases dramatically.Moreover,the conclusion is stable and credible through a series of sensitivity tests,such as selective bias tests,endogeneity tests and robustness tests.(3) The mechanism analysis shows that individuals can promote labor productivity by improving the quality of human capital when they allocate leisure time to delayed gratification leisure activities.The conclusion provides theoretical explanations and a policy orientation for improving individual labor productivity by guiding the public toward a positive and healthy lifestyle.