诗意地迂回:诠释现象学视角下的主体想象与旅游体验

The Journey of Poetic Detour:On the Imagination of Tourists and Their Tourism Experiences

想象是知识之外认识世界的另一种重要力量。在旅游的体验过程中,游客的想象是其主体意识的重要特征,对于其参与旅游过程和最后的体验结果尤其重要。文章从当代诠释现象学大师保罗·利科的想象学说出发,系统阐释了生活世界中的想象,以及在想象之下的语言理解和世界意义的生成。文章指出,诠释现象学是对以往现象学强调主体性、意义和人的存在问题的延续和推进,它解释了人如何通过主体想象将客体对象与我思进行融合,从而到达基于“我在”的解释学。在旅游体验中,旅游者作为生活世界现象中的诠释者,面对旅游客体或现象,经过迂回的想象和解释过程,达到对旅行意义的深层理解和向世界的敞开。它一方面在认识论上扩展了旅游者的外部知识,另一方面也是旅游者生命形式的具体体现,旅游者在旅游的体验过程中获得旅行的整体意义和超越性地反思人的存在自身。文章最后从旅游是生活世界的重要组成出发,结合山水旅游的案例对旅游中的主体想象和体验进行了理论建构和具体分析。

Imagination plays an important role in human’s acknowledging the world.Inspired by the imagination theory of Paul Ricoeur,a distinguished contemporary phenomenological and hermeneutic philosopher,this paper explains the theory of imagination in life world as well as in tourism world,and the creation/generation of world meaning through language-semantic innovation.Imagination shows a possible and imagined world,and by transcending time and space,it helps to recreate the reality.Ricoeur’s theory of imagination focuses on phenomenological hermeneutics and represents the direction of circuitous interpretation.It is an important perspective to understand human thinking,their activities and interactions with life world.The article puts forward that tourists can also be the interpreter of the phenomenon of life and tourism world,and they will experience circuitous process of imagination and interpretation through travelling process and may create the unique meaning of their own trip.The essence of tourism experience should therefore lead to tourists’ meaning production of the trip and their better understanding of the others,themselves and the world during the process.To illustrate the imagination practice in tourism,the paper uses the method of autoethnography to analyze author’s two trips to Mount Lu and Mount Sanqing in Jiangxi province.From the perspective of Ricoeur’s hermeneutic phenomenology,the author describes imagination in the above two landscape tours.While climbing the mountains,the author imagined Chinese classical landscape poems,their related historical stories and Chinese landscape paintings which in turn improved the author’s tourism experience.The author wrote down the tourism experience as travel notes,and by reviewing the notes,it helps the author better understand the travelling places and the meaning of the trip(travel notes are a kind of semantic or linguistic meaning generation).It also helps the author to reflect on the self and the relationship between the self and the outside world.Imagination synthesizes and expands the individual experience in tourism.The introduction of imagination theory in tourism research can therefore be developed as an analytical framework for better understanding the meaning of tourism by analyzing tourists’ intentionality,their self-consciousness and self-reflection in tourism experiences.