深静脉血栓形成动物模型的构建思路及评价

Construction Ideas and Evaluation of Animal Models of Deep Vein Thrombosis

深静脉血栓形成(Deep vein thrombosis, DVT)系临床常见血栓栓塞性疾病,分析研究其病因病机和防治措施能有效地指导临床医疗实践,预防DVT的发生。DVT动物模型的构建作为研究的基础,对该项研究具有非常重要的意义。近年来,随着现代医疗设备和技术的广泛应用,DVT动物造模研究取得长足发展,造模方式呈现多样化,成本经济、针对性强、对动物损伤影响小、更符合复杂人体静脉血栓形成特点的动物模型逐渐成为研究DVT的动物模型。本文选取近十年DVT动物实验研究性论文,针对制备模型的关键要素、特点等进行分析,从实验动物、诱导模型、建模方案等角度归纳出动物模型的构建思路,并从建模成功的标准、阳性药物的疗效、客观指标方面评价DVT动物模型的有效性,以期为进一步改进现有模型,建立更具针对性的动物模型提供借鉴。

Deep vein thrombosis(DVT) is a common thromboembolic disease in clinical practice. Studying the etiology, pathogenesis, and prevention measures can effectively guide clinical practice and prevent the occurrence of DVT. The construction of animal model is essential and important for the research on DVT. With the wide application of modern medical equipment and technology, great progress has been achieved in DVT animal modeling in recent years. Specifically, the modeling methods are diversified. The established animal models of DVT have low cost, strong pertinence, and slight damage to animal. Moreover, they are in line with the characteristics of complex human venous thrombosis. In this study, the papers about DVT animal modeling published in the past ten years were reviewed. The key elements, characteristics, and combination law of elements in modeling were analyzed. The construction ideas of animal models were summarized from the perspectives of laboratory animal selection, model induction, and modeling scheme. The effectiveness of DVT animal models was evaluated based on the criteria of successful modeling, the efficacy of positive drugs, and objective indicators. This review is expected to provide reference for improving the existing models and establishing more targeted DVT animal models.