COVID-19背景下医务工作者遭受两种新型职业危害防护研究进展

Progress on the protection of healthcare workers against two emerging occupational hazards in the context of COVID-19 pandemic

安全且可靠的工作条件和工作环境是医务工作者(HCWs)提供优质医疗服务的重要前提。新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情自2019年爆发至今,不断危害HCWs的职业安全和健康,对体面劳动目标造成严重威胁,引发了新型职业危害;其中,COVID-19长期症状(Long COVID)和工作场所暴力(WPV)备受关注。目前,HCWs罹患Long COVID后面临的职业危害主要包括身体危害、心理危害和社会经济危害;但国内外关于HCWs的Long COVID流行病学、病理学原因与机制等方面的研究尚较为缺乏,并且针对HCWs出台专门的政策与指南亦较为缺乏。同时,COVID-19疫情背景下HCWs面临的WPV问题不断激化,成为HCWs抗击疫情的重要阻力。国际上多个国家陆续发布WPV相关预防控制指南和技术工具;我国亦在近年采取一系列政策措施积极应对医疗机构WPV,并取得一定的进展;但与国际社会比较,仍存在不足和滞后之处。今后有待进一步在我国HCWs面临的Long COVID及其长期健康影响与职业健康的保障方面进行研究,并从新的角度探索我国医疗机构有效预防控制WPV的政策与措施,以期全方位保障HCWs的职业健康。

A safe and secure working condition and environment is an important prerequisite for healthcare workers(HCWs)to deliver high quality medical services.The outbreak of coronavirus disease(COVID-19)has been endangering the occupational safety and health of HCWs since 2019,posing a serious threat to decent work objectives and becoming an emerging occupational hazard.Long COVID and workplace violence(WPV)have attracted much attention among others.At present,the occupational hazards faced by HCWs suffering from Long COVID mainly include physical,psychological and socio-economic hazards.However,there is still a lack of studies on the epidemiology,pathological causes and mechanisms of Long COVID in HCWs at home and abroad,and there is also a lack of special policies and guidelines for HCWs.At the same time,the intensifying workplace violence faced by HCWs in the context of COVID-19 has become an important obstacle to their fight against the epidemic.Many countries have published WPV-related prevention and control guidelines and technical tools.In recent years,China has also taken a series of policy measures to actively respond to medical institution WPV and some progress was made.However,there are still shortcomings and lags compared with the international community.It is necessary to further study the Long COVID,its long-term health impact and occupational health protection in China,and explore the effective WPV prevention and control policies and measures in Chinese medical institutions from a new perspective,so as to comprehensively guarantee the occupational health of HCWs in the future.