挥发酚的检测研究进展

Research progress in the detection of volatile phenol

酚类为原生质毒,属高毒物质,长期饮用被酚污染的水,可引起头痛、出疹、瘙痒、贫血及各种神经系统症状。根据酚类能否与水蒸汽一起蒸出,分为挥发酚和不挥发酚。通常认为沸点<230℃为挥发酚,苯酚、甲酚、二甲酚均为挥发酚。酚的主要污染源有煤气洗涤、炼焦、合成氨、造纸、木材防腐和化工行业的工业废水。高浓度含酚废水可采用溴化容量法,此法适用于未经处理的总排放污水口废水。若当水样中存在氧化剂、还原剂、油类及某些金属离子时,均应设法消除并进行预蒸馏。目前挥发酚检测方法主要包括4-氨基安替吡啉光度法,其中以0.5 mg/L为区分点,大于该数值采用直接分光光度法,低于该数值采用萃取分光光度法,其次还包括大型仪器连续流动分析法、气相色谱法及超高效液相色谱法。本综述通过综合分析研究不同方法测定挥发酚的分析方法及结果,比较各个检测方法的优点及弊端,为今后检测研究提供参考。

Phenols are protoplasmic toxins,which are highly toxic substances.Long term drinking of phenol contaminated water can cause headache,rash,itching,anemia and various neurological symptoms.The phenols can be divided into volatile phenols and non-volatile phenols according to whether they can be evaporated together with water vapor.It is generally considered that the boiling point below 230 ℃ is volatile phenol,and phenol,cresol and xylenol are all volatile phenol.The main pollution sources of phenol include industrial wastewater from gas washing,coking,synthetic ammonia,papermaking,wood anticorrosion and chemical industry.The bromination capacity method can be used for wastewater containing high concentration phenol,which is applicable to the untreated wastewater discharged from the total sewage outlet.If there are oxidants,reductants,oils and some metal ions in the water sample,they should be eliminated and taken for pre-distillation.The current detection methods of volatile phenol mainly include 4-aminoantipyrine spectrophotometry,with 0.5 mg/L as the distinguishing point;direct spectrophotometry is used for values greater than this value,and extraction spectrophotometry is used for values lower than this value.Also,it includes large-scale instruments continuous flow analysis,gas chromatography and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography.In this review,the analytical methods and results of different methods for the determination of volatile phenol were comprehensively analyzed,and the advantages and disadvantages of each detection method were compared,providing reference for future detection research.