现代汉语长短形容词的述谓功能差异

Difference of Predicative Function between Long and Short Adjectives in Modern Chinese

现代汉语中有大量的同素近义长短形容词,长短形容词在作定语以及谓语时有着显著的差异,单音节短形容词受到较大限制,而双音节及多音节长形容词受到的限制较小。文章对比长形容词与短形容词作定语、谓语时的适应性差异,指出单音节短形容词具有弱述谓性,而双音节或多音节长形容词具有强述谓性,长短形容词作定语以及谓语的差异具有一致性,能够以相同的方式实现述谓功能的平衡。

In modern Chinese,there are a series of disyllabic and polysyllabic adjective and monosyllabic adjective consisting of near-synonymous with identical morpheme.There are significant differences between long and short adjectives when they are used as attributives and predicates.Monosyllabic adjectives are more restricted,while disyllabic and polysyllabic adjectives are less restricted.This paper compares the differences in the adaptability of disyllabic and polysyllabic adjective and monosyllabic adjective as attributive and predicate,and points out that monosyllabic adjectives have weak predicative properties,while disyllabic andpolysyllabic adjectives have strong predicative properties.The differences of long and short adjectives as attributes and predicatesare are consistent,and the balance of predicate functions can be achieved in the same way.