A wide-field and high-resolution lensless compound eye microsystem for real-time target motion perception

Optical measurement systems suffer from a fundamental tradeoff between the field of view(FOV),the resolution and the update rate.A compound eye has the advantages of a wide FOV,high update rate and high sensitivity to motion,providing inspiration for breaking through the constraint and realizing high-performance optical systems.However,most existing studies on artificial compound eyes are limited by complex structure and low resolution,and they focus on imaging instead of precise measurement.Here,a high-performance lensless compound eye microsystem is developed to realize target motion perception through precise and fast orientation measurement.The microsystem splices multiple sub-FOVs formed by long-focal subeyes,images targets distributed in a panoramic range into a single multiplexing image sensor,and codes the subeye aperture array for distinguishing the targets from different sub-FOVs.A wide-field and high resolution are simultaneously realized in a simple and easy-to-manufacture microelectromechanical system(MEMS)aperture array.Moreover,based on the electronic rolling shutter technique of the image sensor,a hyperframe update rate is achieved by the precise measurement of multiple time-shifted spots of one target.The microsystem achieves an orientation measurement accuracy of 0.0023°(3σ)in the x direction and 0.0028°(3σ)in the y direction in a cone FOV of 120°with an update rate~20 times higher than the frame rate.This study provides a promising approach for achieving optical measurements with comprehensive high performance and may have great significance in various applications,such as vision-controlled directional navigation and high-dynamic target tracking,formation and obstacle avoidance of unmanned aerial vehicles.