焦虑、抑郁情绪在疼痛灾难化认知影响腰痛患者活动功能的中介作用

Impact of pain catastrophizing on disability in patients with low back pain mediated by anxiety and depression

目的探索腰痛患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪对于疼痛灾难化认知影响活动功能障碍的中介效应。方法2021年7—10月,采用方便抽样方法,对上海市宝山区张庙街道长江路社区卫生服务中心的97例腰痛门诊患者开展横断面调查。采用欧氏失能指数、应对策略问卷中的疼痛灾难化分量表、广泛性焦虑障碍量表简版、患者健康抑郁问卷简版评估患者的活动功能障碍、疼痛灾难化认知及焦虑、抑郁水平。通过路径分析和偏差校正的非参数95%CI Bootstrap法检验焦虑、抑郁情绪对于疼痛灾难化认知影响活动功能障碍中介效应。结果焦虑、抑郁症状分别在疼痛灾难化认知对活动功能障碍的作用中存在显著中介效应(标准化间接效应值分别为0.183、0.197,P<0.05)。疼痛灾难化认知水平更高的患者,表现出更高水平的焦虑和抑郁症状(β=0.757、0.720,P<0.01),进而报告更严重的活动功能障碍(β=0.241、0.274,P<0.05)。结论腰痛患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪是疼痛灾难化认知影响活动功能障碍的潜在心理机制。临床治疗和康复工作可联合情绪调节和压力缓解的心理干预策略,以改善患者的活动功能,提高患者的生命质量。

Objective:To investigate the effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms in mediation of pain catastrophizing on disability in patients with low back pain.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 97 patients with low back pain in the Changjiang Subdistrict community health center from July to October 2021. Oswestry Disability Index, pain catastrophic subscale in Coping Strategies Questionnaire-24, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-short version, Patient Health Depression Questionnaire-short version were used to evaluate the activity dysfunction, pain catastrophic cognition and anxiety and depression levels of patients,respectively. Path analysis was implemented to test the mediation model, and the indirect effects were assessed using the bootstrap procedure with bias-corrected 95 %CI. Results:Results suggested significant positive correlations among pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depressive symptoms and disability of patients. In addition, both anxiety and depressive symptoms significantly mediated the impact of pain catastrophizing on disability (standardized indirect effects were 0.183 and 0.197, P<0.05). Patients with higher levels of pain catastrophic cognition showed higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms (β=0.757, 0.720;P<0.01), and reported more severe motor dysfunction (β=0.241, 0.274;P<0.05). Conclusions:Our findings suggest that anxiety and depression may be the psychological pathways through which pain catastrophizing predicts disability in patients with low back pain. Effective psychological interventions, such as emotion regulation and stress reduction strategies should be considered in treatment and supportive care for patients with low back pain.