在校医学生新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗接种意愿调查及影响因素分析

Intention and influencing factors of COVID-19 vaccination among medical students

目的调查在校医学生新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称"新冠肺炎")疫苗接种意愿,并分析其影响因素,为制定针对性措施以加速疫苗接种提供参考依据。方法2021年6月21—29日简单随机抽取上海市某医学院校,采用自填式电子问卷的方式对在校医学生展开问卷调查,采集其基本资料、新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿、新冠肺炎防疫措施认知和新冠肺炎疫苗认知等信息,分析疫苗接种意愿并使用logistic回归探索其影响因素。结果966名调查对象年龄(20.4±2.9)岁,女性占63.6%(614/966)。其中23.7%(229/966)的被调查者有家庭成员或亲属参与过抗疫工作或志愿者服务。90.6%(875/966)的被调查者表示非常愿意或愿意接种新冠肺炎疫苗。绝大多数被调查者认为"感染新冠肺炎是很严重的事"(94.3%,911/966)、"做好防护可以有效预防新冠肺炎感染"(92.4%,893/966)、"完全能做到新冠肺炎的各类防护措施"(73.5%,710/966)。约一半调查对象了解疫苗不良反应及禁忌证(51.8%,501/966)。对新冠肺炎疫苗的相关顾虑表现在:担心疫苗的保护力低(47.4%,458/966)、保护期限短(50.6%,489/966)、疫苗不良反应多(48.7%,470/966)。Logistic回归分析显示,认为"感染新冠肺炎是很严重的事"(OR=5.30,95%CI:2.60~10.81,P<0.001)、认为"做好防护可以有效预防新冠肺炎感染"(OR=2.46,95%CI:1.26~4.81,P=0.009)、认为"完全能做到新冠肺炎的各类防护措施"(OR=2.55,95%CI:1.53~4.25,P<0.001)者更愿意接种新冠肺炎疫苗,而担心疫苗质量差者则相反(OR=0.29,95%CI:0.13~0.65,P=0.003)。结论在校医学生新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿较高,在今后应加强疫苗相关知识的宣传,以进一步提升接种意愿。

Objective:To investigate the intention of medical students to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:A self-filled electronic questionnaire survey was conducted among medical students from a medical school in Shanghai randomly selected from June 21 to 29, 2021. The questionnaire contained items of basic information, intention for COVID-19 vaccination, awareness of COVID-19 prevention measures and awareness of COVID-19 vaccine. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results:The average age of the 966 respondents was (20.4±2.9) years, and 63.6% (614/966) of them were female;23.7% (229/966) of them had family members or relatives who had participated in anti-pandemic work or volunteer service;90.6% (875/966) of the respondents expressed they were very willing or willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The majority of the respondents thought that “COVID-19 infection is very serious” (94.3%, 911/966), “good protection can effectively prevent COVID-19 infection” (92.4%, 893/966), and “they can fully implement all kinds of protection measures” (73.5%, 710/966). About half of the respondents (51.8%, 501/966) knew about the adverse reactions and contraindications of COVID-19 vaccine. The low protected capability (47.4%, 458/966), short duration of protection (50.6%, 489/966), and many side effects (48.7%, 470/966) were the major concerns about COVID-19 vaccine. Logistic regression analysis showed that people thought that “COVID-19 infection is very serious” ( OR=5.30, 95 %CI:2.60-10.81, P<0.001), thought that “good protection can effectively prevent COVID-19 infection” ( OR=2.46, 95 %CI:1.26-4.81, P=0.009), thought that “they can fully implement all kinds of protection measures” ( OR=2.55, 95 %CI:1.53-4.25, P<0.001) were more willing to receive COVID-19 vaccination. While those concerned about vaccine quality did the opposite ( OR=0.29, 95 %CI:0.13-0.65, P=0.003). Conclusions:Medical students have a high intention of vaccination against COVID-19. The vaccine-related knowledge quality should be emphasized in future publicity to further enhance the intention of COVID-19 vaccination.