李大钊中华民族观的观念史考察

A Historical Investigation of Li Dazhao’s Outlook on the Chinese Nation

晚清以降,关于中华民族观的讨论大都以建成一个现代的中华民族国家为目标和指向,这在系统传播马克思主义第一人和中国共产党创始人李大钊的中华民族观中可见一斑。既有研究多侧重他1917年提出的“新中华民族主义”对现代民族观形成的意义。如从观念史角度重新审视,可以发现李大钊的中华民族观隐含于其探求再造中华国家道路的始终并随之演进。在从一个民主主义者转变为马克思主义者的过程中,李大钊的中华民族观呈现出从“种族”民族观到民族主义民族观再到马克思主义民族观的曲折复杂的演进脉络。他受马克思主义影响形成的民族观,为党的中华民族观的形成奠定了理论基础。

Since the late Qing Dynasty,most of the discussions on the concept of the Chinese nation have been aimed at building a modern Chinese nation-state,which can be seen in the systematic dissemination of the concept of the Chinese nation by Li Dazhao,the first Marxist and founder of the Communist Party of China.Most of the existing research focuses on the significance of the“New Chinese Nationalism”(Xin Zhonghua Minzu Zhuyi)proposed by Li Daozhao in 1917 to the formation of the modern national concept.If we re-examine from the perspective of the history of ideas,we can find that Li Dazhao’s outlook on the Chinese nation underlies his pursuit of rebuilding the Chinese nation,and evolves accordingly.In the process of changing from a democrat to a Marxist,Li Dazhao’s view of the Chinese nation presents a tortuous and complex evolution from the“race”view of the nation to the nationalist view of the nation and then to the Marxist view of the nation.His national concept,formed under the influence of Marxism,laid a theoretical foundation for the formation of the Party’s concept of the Chinese nation.