生态视野下晚清黄河水患的基层因应与环境调适——以惠民县为例

The Response of Grass-roots Government and Environmental Adjustment to Yellow River Flood in Late Qing Dynasty from Ecological Perspective:A Case Study of Huimin County

咸丰五年黄河改道山东大清河入海后,惠民县水患至深且巨,地域环境系统的水、土等基础性要素为之一变。官绅百姓出于生存所需,一面在风云变幻的政治局势下,根据上级不断更改的要求艰难地治理河患;一面想方设法利用现有条件构建新的生产生活秩序,包括在精神层面努力调适。黄河水患与县域社会系统和环境系统既相互作用,又相互建构,从而促成了新的但比较脆弱的灾害性生态系统。由惠民的情况可管窥黄泛区尤其是原大清河沿线生态脆弱带的形成机制之复杂,以及黄河水患对区域社会演进的驱动力量之强,思考历史上黄河区别于其他河流参与文明进程的特点。

The Yellow River changed its course to the Daqing River of Shandong Province and began draining into the Bohai Gulf in 1855(the fifth year of Emperor Xianfeng,Qing Dynasty),which flooded Huimin County,a county in Shandong Province.In order to survive,local people tried their best to prevent the floods in the changeable political situations.Apart from this,they also made efforts to build a new order of living,including the spiritual level.Luckily,through their joint efforts,a new but fragile catastrophic ecosystem was formed.The case of Huimin County reveals a glimpse of the complex formation mechanism of the ecological fragile zone along the new Yellow River course,as well as the strong power of the Yellow River flood to the regional social evolution.It also reveals the Yellow River’s characteristics in participating in the civilization process that were distinct from other rivers in history.