兰州市城镇老年居民健康适能及其影响因素

Health fitness and its influencing factors among urban elderly residents in Lanzhou city

目的分析兰州市城镇老年居民健康适能及其影响因素。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,于2020年7月17日—8月3日对兰州市城镇老年居民采用自行设计问卷进行调查,问卷内容包括居民一般情况、生活习惯与经历事件、健康适能评定量表(HFMS V 1.0),共发放问卷1124份,收回1124份,其中有效问卷1043份(92.8%)。量表评分采用Likert 5级评分法与正反向计分法,参考全国城镇老年人口健康适能评定量表的划界常模对健康适能状况进行低、中、高等级划分。采用χ2检验、有序logistic回归分析兰州市城镇老年居民健康适能的影响因素。结果兰州市城镇老年居民HFMS V 1.0总转化分为(61.99±14.20)分,其中生理适能子量表得分最低[(57.84±16.98)分];健康适能低水平者332例(31.83%),中水平者360例(34.52%),高水平者351例(33.65%)。慢性病和不良饮食习惯均是兰州市城镇老年居民健康适能的危险因素(均P<0.05);较为充足的晒太阳时长、体育锻炼时间、每日睡眠时间以及高自我健康关注度和高挫商均是其保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论兰州市城镇老年居民健康适能整体水平一般,慢性病、饮食习惯、晒太阳时长、体育锻炼时间、睡眠时间、自我健康关注度及挫商是其主要影响因素。

Objective To analyze the health fitness and its influencing factors among urban elderly residents in Lanzhou city.Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to survey urban elderly residents in Lanzhou city with self-designed questionnaire from July 17th to August 3rd,2020.The questionnaire included general information,life habits and Healthy Fitness Measurement Scale Version 1.0(HFMS V 1.0),a total of 1124 questionnaires were distributed and 1124 were collected,including 1043 valid questionnaires(92.8%).The HFMS V 1.0 was scored with Likert 5-point scale,positive and negative scoring method.The health fitness status of the subjects was divided into low,medium and high levels according to the norms of HFMS V 1.0 for Chinese urban elderly residents.The influencing factors were analyzed by using the chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression.Results The conversion score of HFMS V 1.0 for the urban elderly residents in Lanzhou city was 61.99±14.20,and the physical fitness score was the lowest(57.84±16.98);of the 1043 subjects,332(31.83%),360(34.52%)and 351(33.65%)subjects were classified with low,medium,and high health fitness levels,respectively.Chronic diseases and poor dietary habits were the risk factors for the health fitness of urban elderly residents in Lanzhou city(both P<0.05);more adequate sun exposure,physical exercise,sufficient sleep,high self-health concern and high frustration quotient were protective factors for health fitness in those subjects(all P<0.05).Conclusion The overall level of health fitness in urban elderly residents in Lanzhou city is moderate,and chronic disease,dietary habits,sun exposure,physical exercise,length of sleep,self-health concern and frustration quotient are the main influencing factors.