玉米秸秆基质对黑木耳栽培的影响

Effects of Corn Straw on Cultivation of Auricularia heimuer

以玉米秸秆和栽培黑木耳为试材,分别设定不同玉米秸秆添加比例(CK、40%、100%、100%高氮源),研究预处理后玉米秸秆和杂木屑的物理性质和各项指标以及栽培出耳后耳片的产量、形态特征和食用品质,以期为玉米秸秆栽培黑木耳技术优化提供参考依据。结果表明:玉米秸秆的容重、电导率、大孔隙度和吸水力与杂木屑差异显著。随着玉米秸秆添加比例增加,菌包质量呈下降趋势,菌包满袋时间呈上升趋势。随着培养时间延长,所有处理的菌包质量和pH均呈下降趋势;呼吸强度呈先上升后下降趋势;电导率变化趋势不明显。营养生长阶段(0~40 d),黑木耳菌丝体主要利用培养料中的纤维素;生殖生长阶段(40~120 d),黑木耳菌丝体主要利用培养料中的半纤维素。玉米秸秆添加量越多单袋产量越低,但是对耳片形态特征和食用品质无显著影响。综上,可采用玉米秸秆栽培黑木耳,解决黑木耳栽培原材料紧缺难题。

Taking corn straw and cultivated A.heimuer as test material, set different corn straw addition ratios(CK,40%,100%,100% hight nitrogen source group).The physical properties and various indicators of corn stalks and sawdust after pretreatment, as well as the yield, morphological characteristics and edible quality of the cultivated ear stalks were determined, in order to provide reference for the technical optimization of corn stalks on the cultivation of black fungus.The results showed that the unit weight,EC value,large porosity and water absorption of corn straw were significantly different from those of sawdust.With the increasing of the proportion of corn straw,the weight of cultivation bag showed a downward trend,and time for mycelium to grow full of cultivation bag showed an upward trend.With the increase of cultivation time,the weight and pH of cultivation bag showed a downward trend,the respiratory intensity first increased and then decreased,and the change trend of EC was not obvious.In the mycelium growth stage(0-40days),the cellulose in the culture medium was mainly used by mycelia,however,in the stage of fruiting bodies growth(40-120days),hemicellulose was mainly used.The more corn straw was added,the lower the yield of A.heimuer,but it had no significant effect on the morphological characteristics and texture quality of A.heimuerfruiting bodies.In conclusion,it was feasible to cultivate A.heimuer with corn straw,which could solve the problem of shortage of raw materials for A.heimuer cultivation.