2018-2020年全球兽用抗菌药物使用情况分析

Analysis on the Global Use of Veterinary Antibiotics from 2018 to 2020

监测兽用抗菌药使用情况是了解细菌耐药性的必要工作。为了解全球兽用抗菌药使用情况,分析了世界动物卫生组织(WOAH)第6版《兽用抗菌药使用情况监测报告》。分析发现:2020年美洲较多国家/地区允许使用抗菌药饲料添加剂,但趋向使用黄霉素等不易产生耐药性的非重要抗菌药;亚太地区允许使用抗菌药物添加剂的国家/地区数量下降最多,对使用抗菌药添加剂的管理日趋规范;亚太地区养殖量与美洲相当,是欧洲的2倍,但2018年兽用抗菌药总用量是美洲的2倍、欧洲的6倍,单位动物用量是美洲的1.5倍、欧洲的2倍,总体用药量和单位用药量均偏高。值得肯定的是,亚太地区兽用抗菌药使用量下降幅度最大,较2016年下降59%,是美欧地区同比降幅的2倍,兽用抗菌药减量控制效果明显。

It is a key process for learning antimicrobial resistance through monitoring the use of veterinary antibiotics.It was found that,after analysis on the Monitoring Report on the Use of Veterinary Antibiotics,6th version,provided by the World Organization for Animal Health(WOAH),in 2020,antibacterial feed additives were allowed to be used in many countries/regions in Americas,but flavomycin and other non-important antibacterial drugs that were difficult to produce drug resistance were proposed;the number of countries/regions where antibacterial additives were allowed was greatly declined in Asian-Pacific region,accompanied by more standardized management;the amount of animals kept in Asian-Pacific region was equivalent to that in Americas,was 2 times that in Europe;but in 2018,the total application of veterinary antimicrobials was 2 times that in Americas and 6 times that in Europe,and the dosage per animal was 1.5 times that in Americas and 2 times that in Europe,both the overall amount of drugs used and the amount per animal were high. It was noticed that the dosage of veterinary antibiotics declined by 59% compared to that in 2016,and was 2 times that in Americas and Europe on year-on-year basis,which could be concluded that the use of veterinary antibiotics was effectively reduced. A reference was therefore provided for learning the use of veterinary antibiotics in the world.