非洲猪瘟病毒拮抗宿主抗病毒免疫分子机制研究进展

Research Progress on Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Evasion Utilized by African Swine Fever Virus

非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)是核质巨DNA病毒,它引起的非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是一种高度接触性、致死性传染病。ASF的出现给全球养猪业和整个市场经济带来了巨大威胁和挑战。目前尚无针对ASF的有效疫苗,而对ASFV感染机制和免疫逃逸机制认识的不足是制约商品化疫苗研究的主要因素。本文对ASFV的结构和生命周期进行了总结,并从先天性免疫反应、适应性免疫反应和程序性细胞死亡3个方面,对ASFV调控宿主抗病毒反应的分子机制进行了归纳,以期为ASFV致病机制研究和新型疫苗靶点研究提供参考。

African swine fever virus(ASFV)is a nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus that causes African swine fever(ASF),a highly contagious and fatal disease. ASF outbreaks has brought enormous threats and challenges to the global pig industry and the whole market economy. There is currently no effective vaccine against ASFV,which is attributed to the limited study on the mechanism of ASFV infection and immune evasion. In this review,the structure and life cycle of ASFV was described,and the molecular mechanism of ASFV regulating host antiviral response was clarified and summarized from three aspects,which were innate immune response,adaptive immune response and programmed cell death. These efforts could provide relevant reference for the follow-up study of the pathogenesis and novel target of vaccine development of ASFV.