遗孤子女在日本的社会融入与身份认同--基于生命历程理论视角的分析

Social Integration and Identity of the Children of Japanese War Orphans--From the Perspective of Life Course Theory

论文基于对20名调查对象的深度访谈,运用生命历程理论视角,探讨了20世纪70年代后期至80年代前期赴日的日本遗孤子女40年来的社会融入和身份认同过程。20世纪80年代前期,日本尚未建立起外国移民接纳体制,在支援政策缺失、强大的同化压力等多重社会语境下,日本遗孤子女度过了动荡的小学和中学时期,在身份和文化认同上表现出强烈的内心纠葛。20世纪80年代后期至90年代,他们积极调整生存策略,提高学历,积累了必要的人力资本,关于身份认同的内心纠葛逐渐弱化。2000年以后,该群体生活趋于安定。在新的社会语境和家庭生活环境下,他们不再纠葛于身份属性,而表现出积极认同中日文化的一面。然而,伴随其子女一代的成长,关于身份和文化认同,家庭内部也出现明显的代际差异。

Based on 20 in-depth interviews,this study examines the process of social integration and identity change among the children of Japanese war orphans,who immigrated to Japan from China between the late 1970s and the early 1980s.In early school years they experienced some turbulence of identity crisis,due to lack of policy support from the Japanese government and pressure of assimilation from the Japanese society.From the late 1980s to the 1990s,they became active in adjusting survival strategies through improving education to increase human capital,which diminished their identity crisis gradually.Throughout the 2000s they have been enjoying a peaceful life and are no longer entangled by identityrelated issues,meanwhile positively embracing both Chinese and Japanese cultures.However,their children are growing up and may bring them new challenges caused by the generation gap.