族群历史与国家记忆--从晚晴园纪念馆看新加坡华人与中国的历史联系

Between an Ethnic Legacy and National Memory:Revising Chinese History at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Singapore

论文通过梳理新加坡华人如何处理与辛亥革命相关的中国历史遗产,来讨论当地华人社群如何在建立本土国民身份认同的背景下,处理族群和祖籍故乡的文化联系,从而将历史记忆和国家认同互相区隔。新加坡独立建国后,孙中山发动辛亥革命期间居住的晚晴园,于2001年正式建为孙中山纪念馆。2010年关闭重修后,于2011年再度开放。然而,两次开展体现出不同的叙事思路,反映了新加坡处理华人与中国历史文化之间联系的政策调整,从早期针对华人族群历史的呈现,转化为强调新加坡作为一个国家和亚洲其他国家之间的联系,从而将晚晴园纪念馆建构为新加坡的国家记忆。

Wan Qing Yuan Villa was Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s temporary residence in Singapore,from where he instigated three major uprisings during the 1911 Revolution.In 2001 the Singaporean Government opened the villa as a national heritage dedicated to Sun Yat-sen,for which an on-site exhibition was held telling his stories and the revolution.The villa was renovated and reopened in 2011,with a new exhibition,of which the narrative emphasized a Singaporean perspective.It may be argued that the thematic differences between the two exhibitions indicate a major change in the Chinese community of Singapore,with regards to its linkages to China.The changing narratives on Chinese history at the Sun Yat-sen Nanyang Memorial Hall suggest that an ethnic Chinese heritage site may contribute to the collection of Singapore’s national memory,and thereby the construction of Singapore’s national identity.