高原长大隧道作业环境改善技术研究

Research on Operation Environment Improvement Technology of Plateau Long and Large Tunnel

在高原地区恶劣的气候条件下,隧道洞内施工环境改善不能简单地生搬硬套平原地区的通风技术,现有的通风系统不能满足隧道洞内施工环境的需要和国家标准、规范对作业环境的要求。以川藏铁路嘎益隧道为背景,对高原缺氧、内燃机械废气排放、风机风筒性能、粉尘等影响施工环境的因素进行分析,建立海拔高度与医学临床缺氧程度的关系及供氧方式、内燃机械减排的措施、高原型风机的研制方向、通风系统的改进和降尘措施等技术方案,改善隧道洞内作业面的作业环境。

Under the harsh climatic conditions of the plateau area,the improvement of the construction environment in the tunnel cannot simply apply the ventilation technology in the plain area,and the existing ventilation system cannot meet the needs of the construction environment in the tunnel and the requirements of the national standards and specifications for the working environment.Taking the Gayi Tunnel of Sichuan-Tibet Railway as the background,the factors affecting the construction environment such as plateau hypoxia,exhaust gas emissions of internal combustion machinery,fan and air duct performance,and dust are analyzed,and the relationship between the altitude and the medically clinical hypoxia severity,as well as technical solutions such as oxygen supply methods,measures for emission reduction of internal combustion machinery,development direction of plateau fans,improvement of ventilation system and dust reduction measures are established to improve the working environment of the working surface in the tunnel.