云南近二千年巨灾图谱(下)

Atlas of Catastrophes Occurred in Yunnan in the Past 2000 Years(Part 2)

所选灾害为最大者,即巨灾、巨大的灾害.从定量的角度,将在同一年份在云南省境内,因为自然灾害造成了巨大损失者,即死亡1万人以上者称之为巨灾.从所掌握资料的统计情况看,自公元110年~公元1970年近二千年的时间里,云南省共计发生巨灾46次,且各时期发生的巨灾很不均匀,尤以民国、清代为最烈.从巨灾的成因和数量看,其成因主要为瘟疫、饥荒、干旱、洪涝、地震、塌陷、霜冻等,不同灾种造成的巨灾共计发生86次.其中:瘟疫,40次,占46.51%,为诸种灾害之首位;饥荒,20次,占23.26%,排第二位;干旱,9次,占10.47%,排第三位.粗略估计,云南省近二千年来因巨灾死亡人数共计161万人,其主要受灾地区以滇中、滇东、滇西为前三,共计62次,占66.96%.为直观计,将云南灾害自1942年至1961年用图表示,加以文字描述,达到“图文并茂”目的.

The disasters selected in the paper are natural catastrophes happened in Yunnan Province which had caused huge losses,that is,the death of more than 10,000 people in the same year.The statistics of the available data indicates that a total of 46 catastrophes occurred in Yunnan province in the nearly two thousand years from 110 to 1970,and they happened quite unevenly in different periods.The periods of the Republic of China and the Qing Dynasty saw the most miserable catastrophes.Some catastrophes were caused by several kinds of disasters.The average statistics of each kind was 86 times in total.Among them,plague,40 times,accounting for 46.51%,is the first in all kinds of disasters;famine,20 times,accounting for 23.26%,ranks second;drought,9 times,accounting for 10.47%,ranks third.It is roughly estimated that in the past two thousand years,Yunnan province has suffered a total of 1.61 million deaths due to catastrophes,and the main affected areas are in the central,east and west of Yunnan,where a total of 62 disasters happened,accounting for 66.96%.For the purpose of visualization,the disasters in Yunnan province are mapped with text description.