贺知章生平再审视——以历官与交游为中心

A Reexamination of He Zhizhang’s Life——Focusing on His Official Career and Social Circle

贺知章作为唐代著名诗人,其生平、交游以及文学成就世所熟知,学界对此也展开了充分的研究,似乎题无胜意,但分析传世文献中有关贺知章本人的点滴记载以及近年来出土的十方出自其手笔的唐人墓志,却可发现贺知章八十余年人生经历中不为人知的一面:其在五十岁之前仕途并不顺利,而在睿宗时代却凭借着姑表兄弟陆象先之力平步青云。此后他屡有机会出任更为清要的官职,却最终因各种原因止于学术官僚,遂成就了其为我们所熟知的疏诞性格。而贺知章所撰写的墓志展示了其与深陷政治漩涡中的人们皆有过私人交往,而作为他们凶险经历的旁观者以及历任太子、皇子的僚属侍读,贺知章晚年的疏诞其实也有着全身远害的意味。

In modern people’s impression,He Zhizhang had lived a relaxed and unrestrained life in history.But when we take a close look to his career and socialing life,we can notice that He Zhizhang was struggling on a lower position before he reached 50 years old.Later when he had some breakthrough by the grace of Lu Xiangxian,the prime minister in Ruizong’s reign,and then a rapid promotion to the political center,he witnessed the helplessness of his friends and princes who were stuck in political conflicts.All these experiences constructed the background of his later years,and to some extent had impact on his unconstraint personality.