近代上海西医分布与城市空间扩展(1844—1879)

The Distribution of Western Medicine and the Spatial Expansion of the City in Modern Shanghai(1844-1879)

本文以《上海道契》、《行名录》和医院年报为研究资料,梳理开埠初期从事现代医学的医生(简称“西医”)在沪的租地、设立的医疗机构等,并在此基础上利用GIS技术复原近代上海西医的空间分布与演化,得到如下结论:上海的西医机构最早起源于1844年创立的仁济医院;19世纪60年代西医机构集中在原英租界,法租界和虹口地区分布较少;至70年代原英租界和虹口地区分布的医疗机构开始增加,尤其是虹口大名路地区增速最快。这与租界合并有直接关系,因此在同期与之形成鲜明对比的则是法租界的医疗机构不增反减。最后,结合《工部局董事会会议录》讨论开埠初期的在沪西医对城市规划及相关社会公共事务的参与及其对城市空间扩展的促进。

Focusing on Shanghai Title Deed and the Hong List,this article has sorted out the medical doctors’land leases in Shanghai and the medical institutions established after the opening of the port,and then used GIS to restore the spatial distribution of the modern Shanghai medical system.In 1860s,medical institutions clustered in the British Settlement,while the French Concession and Hongkou area were less distributed.By 1870s,the number of medical institutions in the British Settlement and Hongkou Area further increased.Especially those near the Daming Road in Hongkou area have grown rapidly.It is closely related to the consolidation of the concessions.In sharp contrast,the medical institutions in the French concession diminished instead.Finally,the article has analyzed the Minutes of Shanghai Municipal Council to discuss the role of doctors in Shanghai regarding the urban planning and construction process in the initial stage of the opening of the port,which ultimately promoted the expansion of urban space.