我国人民代表大会的制度特征及职权发展逻辑

The Institutional Features of People’s Congress System and Developmental Path of Its Functions

本文探讨我国人大制度在组织结构、功能职权和议事程序方面的制度特征。我国人大代表结构比例需遵循“均衡性”原则;“四个机关”的性质与地位使得我国人大及其常委会的功能职权具有“复合型”特点;“工作型”议事模式侧重人大常委会的运作和集体职权的行使。各级人大常委会在行使宪法法律明文列举职权的同时也探索其行使“默示职权”的空间,各级人大常委会在探索人大制度创新空间的同时应遵循合宪性和合法性的原则。我国人大及其常委会结构组成和功能职权的上述特征体现了我国人大制度运行的内在规律,也蕴藏着人大制度未来的发展方向。

This paper discusses the institutional features of Chinese People’s Congress.First,the election result of congress deputies tries to achieve the goal of“a balanced participation.”Second,the People’s Congress and its standing committee serve multiple functions.Third,the congressional procedures prioritize the collective role of standing committee.People’s Congresses and their standing committees at various levels explore their implied powers under the rule of law and Constitution.The above institutional features reveal the developmental path of Chinese People’s Congress System.