地下实验室与深地环境下的地球物理观测

Underground laboratories and deep underground geophysical observations

地下实验室具有良好的低本底环境条件,为许多前沿学科研究提供了重要的实验场所,已经成为一个国家关键性的科学研究平台.目前国际上很多国家利用山体中的隧道空腔或地下矿井建立起众多的地下实验室,其中大多数进行天体物理和粒子物理实验与研究,部分同时进行着地球科学、岩体力学、地下生物等学科的相关实验.本文在介绍国际上一些重要地下实验室的基础上,着重对其在地球物理方面的观测与实验研究成果进行介绍;针对深部地下实验室所具有的“超静”与“超净”环境,阐述深部地下环境多种物理场观测所能达到的测量指标;针对深部地下实验室可实现的超高精度观测,讨论深地地球物理观测对目前仪器科学、装备与观测技术提出的挑战,及其将应对解决的诸多地球物理领域关键基础性科学问题.

Characterized by lower background condition,underground laboratories provide important experimental space for many frontier researches and have become national key scientific research platforms in many countries.At present many countries in the world have established underground laboratories by using cavities in mountains or underground mining tunnel.Most of them are mainly for astrophysics and particle physics experiments,and few of them are aimed at geoscience,rock mechanics,dark ecology,etc.Based on the introduction of some important underground laboratories in the world,this paper focuses on observations and experiments in geophysics.And then the measurement indices of multi-physical fields that can be achieved by observing in“ultra-silent”and“ultra-clean”deep underground environment are emphasized.Aiming at ultra-high precision observations that can be realized in deep underground,this paper also discusses the challenges posed by deep geophysical observation to current instrument science,equipment and observation technology,and imply a series of key basic scientific problems on geophysics faced by deep underground observation.