二语儿童口语词表研制的理念与原则

Concepts and Principles of the Development of Oral Vocabulary for Second Language Children

本研究以儿童口语语料为基础,参照儿童语言发展语料与二语儿童课堂语料,着重分析儿童口语中的动词与名词使用特点,据此讨论二语儿童口语词表的编制理念与原则。通过对同龄儿童的研究发现,儿童口语高频动词、名词的聚集特点存在差异;儿童口语理解范畴与成人儿向语言表达范畴贴近;不同语言背景的儿童,口语词汇存在聚集意义范畴上的共性,差异主要体现在具体词目、意义层次和语法范畴的实现手段上。通过对不同年龄儿童的研究发现,词汇数量、义项、意义类别表现出阶梯性发展的动态特点。因此,二语儿童口语词表编写应当以符合儿童口语语言共性及阶梯性发展特点的通用词表为主。本词表围绕意义,依据词频、义频聚集主题词群,为本土化的教学用表提供参照及扩展空间。

Based on children’s spoken corpus,this study analyzes the usage characteristics of verbs and nouns in children’s spoken language with reference to children’s development corpus and children’s second language corpus,and puts forward the principles for compiling children’s second language spoken word list.Studies on children of the same age have found that there are differences in the aggregation characteristics of high-frequency verbs and nouns in children’s spoken language.The category of children’s oral language comprehension is close to the category of adult’s Caretaker Speech.Children with different language backgrounds have commonalities in the category of aggregated meanings in spoken words,and the main differences are reflected in the realization means of specific words,meaning levels and grammatical categories.Studies on children of different ages have found that the number of words,meaning items,and meaning categories show dynamic development steps.Therefore,second language children’s spoken word list should be based on the general standard word list that conforms to the common characteristics of children’s oral language and the step-by-step development characteristics.The list focuses on meaning,gathers theme word groups according to word and meaning frequency,and provides reference and expansion space for word lists in localized teaching.