中间品进口竞争、供应链联系与供应企业成本加成率

Intermediate Input Import Competition,Supply Chain Linkages and Markup of Supply Enterprises

扩大中间品进口被认为是促进国内供给体系质量提升的重要举措,但由此引发的竞争冲击将对国内同类中间品供应企业产生怎样的影响?从定价变动入手,文章尝试结合中间品投入产出背后的供应链联系,探究中间品进口竞争对国内供应企业成本加成率的作用及机制。研究发现:中间品进口竞争趋于抑制供应企业的成本加成率;该抑制效应来源于国内供应企业在下游中间品采购市场份额的收缩,采购商之间因进口成本下降产生的竞争挤出以及进口中间品对国内产品的替代构成收缩的主因;供应链联系下中间品进口竞争还存在不断蔓延的传播效应,增加了抑制作用的强度和范围;但结合结构分解发现,间接冲击更弱使得其对加成率的影响将随着供应企业距下游行业距离的增加而弱化。文章丰富了从全球生产分工视角对进口作用的分析,并对双循环发展背景下探究如何引导国际循环反哺国内生产体系建设具有参考意义。

Expanding the import of intermediate input is considered as an important measure to promote the quality of the domestic supply system, but how will import competition affects domestic suppliers? This article attempts to use the concept of supply chain connection to explore the effect and mechanism of the import competition of intermediate input on the markup of similar domestic suppliers under tariff reduction. The study found that the competition from import intermediate input suppresses the markup of domestic suppliers. This suppression effect results from the shrinking of buyers′ domestic input and suppliers′ market share,crowding-out among buyers and substitution of foreign products. These are the main reason of shrinking. Supply chain linkages have led to the continuous transmission and accumulation of transmission effects derived from the import competition of intermediate products, which further increase the intensity and source range of suppressing the markup of supply companies. However,considring the structural decomposition, the weaker indirect shock in the propagation effect makes its impact on the markup weakened as the distance between the supplier and the downstream industry increases. This article enriches the analysis of the role of imports from the perspective of the global division of production, and has reference significance for exploring how to guide the international cycle to feed back the construction of the domestic production system in the context of dual-cycle development.