明代开元寺无梁殿的建筑形制及结构性能研究

Research on the Architectural Form and Structural Performance of the Brick-vault Hall of Kaiyuan Temple in Ming Dynasty

明代砖砌无梁殿是中国特有的建筑遗产类型,具有极高的历史、艺术和科学价值。为了更好地保护和修缮该类型建筑遗产,以明代砖砌无梁殿的典型代表—苏州开元寺无梁殿为例,对该殿进行精确测绘,并对其空间布局、形制构造和结构体系进行分析;采用无损检测方法获得砖砌体的材料特性,基于有限元软件建模并计算该建筑遗产在静力荷载作用下的结构性能。研究结果表明:开元寺无梁殿的外观形式基本符合明代官式建筑大木作的形制特征;在静荷载作用下一层楼梯间顶部、各拱窗下槛墙和各拱顶的拉应力已超过砖砌体材料抗拉强度,与现状残损较为吻合。研究结论可为该类型建筑遗产的加固修缮提供参考。

The brick-vault hall is a unique architectural heritage type in China,which has high historical,artistic,and scientific value.In order to better conserve and restore the architectural heritage,taking the brick-vault hall of Kaiyuan Temple in Suzhou in Ming Dynasty as a typical example,the hall is accurately surveyed,and its space,form,and structure are analyzed.The material strength of brick masonry is achieved by a nondestructive testing method.Based on the modeling and simulation with finite element software,the structural performance of the architectural heritage under static load is calculated.The results show that the exterior form of the brick-vault hall of Kaiyuan Temple basically conforms to the characteristics of the damu zuo(structural carpentry)of the official architecture in Ming Dynasty.Under the static load,the tensile stress at the top of the staircase on the first floor,the sill wall under each arch window,and the top of each arch has exceeded the tensile strength of brick masonry materials,which is consistent with the current damage.These results could contribute to the conservation strategies for buildings of this type.