论行政公益诉讼中“不依法履职”的认定标准

Identification Standards of "Inexecution of Duty in Accordance with the Law" in Administrative Public Welfare Litigation

当前,基于实践经验形成的认定行政机关“不依法履职”的行为标准和结果标准过于机械化,难以有效实现督促行政机关依法履职和行政公益保护的公益诉讼目标。行政公益诉讼中对行政机关履职行为的认定是涉及众多因素的集合性判断,认定行政机关“不依法履职”的理论前提是行政行为正当性与行政公益保护有限性。通过引进“形式+实质”的阶层化认定思路,在形式审查阶段分析行政主体的履职行为、相应的履职结果及二者的因果关系,在实质审查阶段设置主观与客观两方面阻却事由,形成递进式的综合性判断标准,为认定行政机关是否依法履职提供新的思路。

At present,the practice-based behavioral standards and result standards for identifying administrative organizations'"inexecution of duty in accordance with the law"are rather rigid.Therefore,such standards cannot effectively realize the goal of supervising and urging administrative organizations'execution of duty in accordance with the law and protecting administrative public welfare.The legal basis to identify this inexecution is the legitimacy of administrative acts and the limitation of administrative public welfare protection.In administrative public welfare litigation,the identification of administrative organizations'execution of duty is the collection of judgement involving many factors.By establishing a stratified identification chain of"form+substance"which analyzes the performance behavior,the corresponding results and the causal relationship between the two in the form of review stage,we may set up the subjective and objective aspects of the obstruction,and form progressive and comprehensive identification standards in this regard.