从“颠倒的世界”到“自由人联合体”——马克思劳动话语嬗变的旨趣

From "Converse World" to "Community of Free Individuals"——The Purport of the Evolution of Marx’s Labor Discourse

从“颠倒的世界”进入“自由人联合体”是马克思劳动话语嬗变的旨趣。“异化劳动”破除了私有财产的永恒性幻象,澄清异化劳动是私有财产的主体本质,私有财产只是在异化劳动的范围内才具有存在的权利。“雇佣劳动”揭谜了资本背后的隐蔽式剥削,指出雇佣劳动是生产资本的劳动,资本的形成和增殖依赖于对雇佣劳动所创造的剩余价值的无偿占有。如此,马克思借助“异化劳动”与“雇佣劳动”,从历史与现实双重维度批判了资本的非永恒、非正义,预示着“颠倒的世界”的必然退场,那么,“联合劳动”宣告了未来“自由人联合体”的降临,阐明联合劳动是新的劳动组织方式,具有实现人的劳动解放的性质,彰显着人类社会新发展阶段的开启。

It is the purport of the evolution of Marx’s labor discourse to enter the "Community of Free Individuals" from the "Converse World"."Alienated labor" breaks the eternal illusion of private property,and clarifies that alienated labor is the main essence of private property,and private property has the right to exist only within the scope of alienated labor."Wage labor" reveals the hidden exploitation behind capital,and points out that wage labor is the labor of productive capital,and the formation and proliferation of capital depend on the free possession of the surplus value created by wage labor.Thus,with the help of "Alienated labor" and "Wage labor",Marx criticized the immortality and injustice of capital from the dual dimensions of history and reality,indicating the inevitable exit of the "Converse world".Then,"Joint labor" declares the coming of the "Community of Free Individuals" in the future,expounds that joint labor is a new way of labor organization,has the nature of realizing people’s labor liberation,and highlights the opening of a new development stage of human society.