公有制视角下社会主义初级阶段的长期性分析

Long-term Analysis of the Primary Stage of Socialism from the Perspective of the Public Ownership

马克思恩格斯认为,共产主义第一阶段是以联合起来的劳动者共同占有生产资料的社会所有制为基础,已经消灭了阶级、国家和商品货币关系的社会形态,在所有制方面体现在劳动者在整个社会范围内的共同所有。过渡时期的公有制是社会成员在一定范围的共同所有,存在着阶级差别,还没有消除商品生产,国家还未消亡。在经济文化相对落后的国家建设社会主义,需要充分认识到过渡时期及其长期性。在社会发展阶段划分上,所有制是主要标尺,因此我们要把握好社会主义公有制与过渡时期公有制之间的区别与联系。目前我国社会主义初级阶段还不是共产主义第一阶段,更不是共产主义社会高级阶段,而是过渡时期的初级阶段。从社会主义初级阶段向更高社会形态过渡,就是过渡时期公有制向社会主义公有制的过渡,这一过程又是长期的、复杂的。认清过渡时期的长期性,坚定不移地巩固和发展公有制经济,毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展,对实现第二个百年目标具有重要的理论和实践意义。

Marx and Engels believe that the first stage of communism is based on the social ownership of the means of production jointly occupied by the united workers,and the social form of eliminating the class,state and commodity currency relationship.In terms of ownership,it is reflected in the common ownership of workers in the whole society.Public ownership in the transitional period is the common ownership of social members in a certain range.There are class differences,commodity production has not been eliminated,and the state has not disappeared.To build socialism in countries with relatively backward economy and culture,we need to fully understand the transitional period and its long-term nature.In the division of social development stages,ownership is the main yardstick.Therefore,we should grasp the difference and connection between socialist public ownership and public ownership in the transitional period.At present,the primary stage of socialism in China is not the first stage of communism,let alone the advanced stage of Communist society,but the primary stage of the transition period.The transition from the primary stage of socialism to a higher social form is the transition from public ownership to socialist public ownership in the transitional period.This process is long-term and complex.Recognizing the long-term nature of the transition period,unswervingly consolidating and developing the public economy,and unswervingly encouraging,supporting and guiding the development of the non-public economy are of great theoretical and practical significance for the realization of the Second Centennial goal.