高度近视眼眼视盘形态特征与盘周结构变化的研究进展

Advances on optic disc morphological features and peripapillary structure changes in high myopia

高度近视眼是导致低视力及盲的重要原因之一,多以眼轴不断延长,伴随眼底后极部出现各种退行性改变为特征,其中视盘区的形态及盘周结构变化尤为明显,如视盘倾斜、视杯与盘沿改变,视盘旁脉络膜视网膜萎缩、后巩膜葡萄肿以及脉络膜内空腔等。本文就高度近视眼的视盘形态特征及盘周结构变化作一综述,以期揭示高度近视眼发生发展的病理机制,为寻找更为有效的防治方法提供新思路。

High myopia is an important cause of low vision and blindness in the world,most of which are characterized by the prolongation of the axial length,accompanied by various degenerative changes of fundus posterior pole,especially in the optic disc area and peripapillary structures,such as optic disc tilt,optic cup and rim changes,chorioretinal atrophy,posterior staphyloma and intrachoroidal cavitation,and so on.This article reviews the optic disc morphological features and peripapillary structure changes of high myopia,in order to reveal the pathogenesis of high myopia and provide new ideas for finding more effective prevention and treatment methods.