湖南省某儿童医院2011年-2020年儿童恶性肿瘤住院疾病谱分析

Analysis on the Disease Spectrum of Inpatients with Pediatric Malignant Tumor from 2011 to 2020 in a Children’s Hospital of Hunan Province

目的分析湖南省某儿童医院恶性肿瘤住院患儿的疾病谱构成及变化趋势,为当地儿童恶性肿瘤防治及医院专科建设提供科学依据。方法收集某院2011年1月1日-2020年12月31日首诊为恶性肿瘤患儿的住院病案首页资料共3480例,运用SPSS22.0软件分析其恶性肿瘤疾病谱的构成及变化趋势、不同年龄性别间的分布情况,组间差异采用χ^(2)检验。结果近10年来医院首次恶性肿瘤住院患儿3480例,年平均增长率为5.00%,其中男女比例为1.51:1,1岁~4岁为儿童恶性肿瘤发病高峰,占44.6%。疾病谱分析显示10年来医院儿童恶性肿瘤疾病谱构成有较大变化,但淋巴样白血病的发病率仍稳居首位。结论10年间医院儿童腹膜后腔和腹膜恶性肿瘤、脑恶性肿瘤构成比快速攀升。不同性别、年龄间的儿童恶性肿瘤顺位构成也不同。除做好儿童白血病的防治工作外,医院还应多关注儿童恶性实体肿瘤如腹膜后腔和腹膜恶性肿瘤、脑恶性肿瘤等,加强临床专科建设,优化医疗资源配置。

Objectives This study aimsto analyze the disease spectrum composition and trend of inpatients with malignant tumors in a children's hospital in Hunan Province,in order to provide scientific references for prevention and treatment of malignant tumors in children and for construction of clinical specialty in local hospitals Methods 3480 medical records of hospitalized children who were initially diagnosed with malignant tumors from January 1,2011 to December 31,2020 were collected.SPSS 22.0 statistical software was adopted to analyze the composition and development trend of malignant tumor disease spectrum and the distribution of different ages and genders.χ^(2) statistic was to detect the differences between groups.Results In the past 10 years,there were 3480 cases of children who were diagnosed with malignant tumors for the first time,with an average annual growth rate of 5.00%.The ratio of male to female was 1.51:1.The peak incidence of malignant tumors occurred in children aged 1-4 years,which accounted for 44.6%.Analysis of disease spectrum showed that the composition of malignant tumors in children in this hospital changed significantly in the past ten years,while the incidence of lymphoid leukemia still stayed on the top of the list.Conclusions The percentage of retroperitoneum,peritoneum malignant tumors and brain malignant tumors increased rapidly in the past ten years.The distributions of malignant tumors in children with different genders and ages were also diverse.In addition to the prevention and treatment of childhood leukemia,hospitals also need to pay more attention to children’s malignant solid tumors such as peritoneal cavity and peritoneal malignancies,brain malignant tumors,and so on.Hospitals ought to strengthen the construction of clinical specialties and optimize the allocation of medical resources.