氯胺酮复合赛拉嗪用于小熊猫短效复合麻醉的效果观察

Effects of short-acting combined anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine on red pandas

为了探寻适合小熊猫的短效麻醉方案,试验使用氯胺酮和赛拉嗪对杭州动物园内16只成年小熊猫进行肌肉注射,分别统计雌雄小熊猫两种药物的剂量及麻醉各阶段的持续时间,通过评分对麻醉效果进行评价,并分析该麻醉方案对麻醉期间小熊猫生理参数(心率、呼吸频率和肛温)的影响。结果表明:16只小熊猫平均用药剂量为氯胺酮8.85 mg/kg,赛拉嗪2.93 mg/kg;平均诱导麻醉时间为6.38 min,维持麻醉时间为19.94 min,苏醒时间为24.31 min;不同性别小熊猫的用药量及麻醉各阶段的持续时间均差异不显著(P>0.05)。16只小熊猫的平均诱导麻醉质量评分为3.75分(满分为4分);维持麻醉期间平均镇痛质量评分为2.88分(满分为3分),平均镇静质量评分为2.94分(满分为3分),平均肌松质量评分为2.88分(满分为3分);平均苏醒质量评分为3.50分(满分为4分)。麻醉期间小熊猫的心率呈现一过性上升后缓慢下降的趋势,麻醉25 min后,心率趋于平稳;小熊猫的呼吸频率在5~20 min内较为稳定,接近苏醒时,呼吸频率有小幅上升,所有小熊猫均未出现呼吸暂停及无规则呼吸现象;小熊猫的肛温随着麻醉时间延长呈轻微下降趋势。说明该麻醉方案诱导快速、平稳,维持麻醉期间镇痛、镇静、肌松质量良好,对生理参数影响较小,但苏醒质量有待提高。

In order to explore the suitable short-acting anesthesia program for red pandas, this experiment used ketamine and xylazine to intramuscular injection of 16 adult red pandas in Hangzhou Zoo. The doses of the two drugs for male and female red pandas, as well as the duration of each stage of anesthesia, were calculated respectively. The anesthetic effect was evaluated by scoring. The effect of the anesthesia program on the physiological parameter(heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature) of the red panda during anesthesia were analyzed. The results showed that the average dose of ketamine was 8.85 mg/kg and xylazine was 2.93 mg/kg in the 16 cases of red pandas;the average induction anesthesia time was 6.38 min, the maintenance anesthesia time was 19.94 min, and the recovery time was 24.31 min. There was no significant difference in the dosage and duration of each phase of anesthesia between red pandas of different genders(P>0.05). The average quality score of induction anesthesia of the 16 red pandas was 3.75 points(out of 4 points);the average quality of analgesia during maintenance anesthesia was 2.88 points(out of 3 points);the average quality of sedation was 2.94 points(out of 3 points);the average muscle relaxation quality score was 2.88 points(out of 3 points);the average recovery quality score was 3.50 points(out of 4 points). During anesthesia, the heart rate of the red panda showed a trend of transient rise and then a slow decline. After 25 minutes of anesthesia, the heart rate became stable;the breathing frequency of red pandas was relatively stable within 5-10 minutes. When approaching waking up, the respiratory rate increased slightly, and no apnea and irregular breathing occurred in all red pandas;the rectal temperature of the red pandas showed a slight downward trend with the prolongation of anesthesia time. The results suggested that the induction of the anesthesia program was fast and stable, and the quality of analgesia, sedation and muscle relaxation during maintenance of anesthesia was good, and the effect on physiological parameters was small, but the quality of recovery needed to be improved.