Prediction of the short-term and long-term mortality in difficult-to-wean patients by transthoracic echocardiography and diaphragm ultrasound

High mortality rates of 25%to,50%were reported in patients with extubation failure.liExtubation failure or re-intubation was an independent risk factor for death after extubation,not the precise reason.Common reasons included primary respiratory failure,cardiac dysfunction,ineffective cough,excess secretions,upper airway obstruction,etc.Therefore,death after extubation should be related to these reasons above in theory.