重构与释义--目录学视角下的《语合卷二》名义新解

Reconstruction and Interpretation:textual research on the nominal origin of Yu He Volume II from bibliographic perspective

公元8世纪后期至9世纪初期,随着梵藏文化交流的频繁出现了以“名义”为主线的较为规范化的系列性辞书。自此之后,这些梵藏文对照的经典双语辞典一直是梵藏翻译的权威工具书和藏语规范标准的重要语典,在规范藏语标准方面起到了极其重要的作用。同时作为编纂藏文辞书的语料库,对藏文辞书的发展产生了重要影响。而在藏族文化发展史上,较为普遍地把《语合二卷》与《名义中集》视为一体或者认为同一种翻译理论著作,这种一元论思维即否定了《语合二卷》中的(卷二)在名义范式中的属性与其文化定位,又忽略了《语合二卷》中(卷二)的实践性与应用性。文章依据德格版《丹珠尔》和敦煌文献中的《语合二卷》版本中所载的(卷二)内容进行深入细致的对比,从目录学的视角对《名义中集》的目录编纂特征和结构类型,以及该经典的名义法则等全方位地进行分析和释义,试图梳理《语合二卷》的辞书特性和发展脉络,并从理论和实践层面对《语合二卷》中的卷一和卷二的内容进行划分界定,进一步理清“语合二卷”与“语合卷二”的隶属关系,重构《语合卷二》在中早期梵藏辞书编纂史和文化发展中的历史定位。

From the late 8th century to the early 9th century,a series of standardized dictionaries with“name”as the main line appeared in the cultural exchange and blended between Sanskrit and Tibetan.Since then,these classical bilingual dictionaries in comparison with Sanskrit and Tibetan have been the authoritative reference books for Sanskrit-Tibetan translation.Those become important dictionaries for Tibetan language standards,playing an extremely important role in standardizing Tibetan language standards.At the same time,as a corpus for compiling Tibetan dictionaries,it has had an important influence on the development of Tibetan dictionaries.However,in the history of Tibetan cultural development,the two volumes of Yu He and nominally Zhong ji are generally regarded as one or the same kind of translation theory works.This monistic thinking denies the attribute of Volume II in the nominal paradigm and its cultural positioning,and ignores the practicality and application of Volume II in Yu He.This paper makes an in-depth and detailed comparison between the contents of sDe-dGe version of bsTan-vGyur and the version of the second volume of Yu He in Dunhuang documents,comprehensively interprets the nominal rules of the nominal collection from the perspective of bibliography,analyzes the naming rules and structural types of the classic,and tries to sort out the lexicographic characteristics and development context of the second volume of Yu He.In terms of theory and practice,the author defines the contents of Volume I and Volume II in Volume II of the combination of language,further clarifies the subordinate relationship between“Volume II of the combination of language”and“Volume II of the combination of language”,and reconstructs the historical position of“Volume II of the combination of language”in the compilation history and cultural development of Sanskrit and Tibetan dictionaries in the middle and early stage.