基于土地利用和夜间灯光数据的京津冀区域碳排放时空分异研究

Spatio-temporal Differentiation of Carbon Emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Based on Land Use and Nighttime Light Data

对区域土地利用碳排放进行测度有助于优化国土空间布局,为国土空间规划和区域碳补偿/减缓政策制定提供依据。该文基于1995-2018年京津冀区域土地利用和夜间灯光数据,利用碳排放系数和IPCC温室气体排放清单,探究区域土地利用碳排放时空分异特征。结果表明:1)京津冀区域净碳排放量呈现递增趋势,由1995年的12461.78万t C·a^(-1)增至2018年的35706.69万t C·a^(-1),但增速减缓,其中北京土地利用净碳排放量在2010年达到峰值,天津在2015年达到峰值,河北仍处在增长状态;2)碳吸收区集中分布在西北部燕山—太行山地区,低净碳排放区集中分布在东南平原区,中净碳排放区主要分布在农村居民点和环渤海区域,中高净碳排放区主要分布在北京市主城区,高净碳排放区主要分布在天津市主城区和石家庄、廊坊、保定等城市市区以及部分县域中心城区;3)碳吸收区域和低净碳排放区域面积占比最大,为90%±2%,但碳排放量主要产生在中高净碳排放区域和高净碳排放区域,由1995年的68.41%升至2018年的87.13%。碳减排措施的综合应用是区域实现碳中和的必经之路。

The measurement of carbon emissions from regional land use will help optimize the territorial space layout,and provide a basis for the territorial space planning and the formulation of regional carbon compensation/mitigation policies.Here,based on the carbon emission coefficients and IPCC greenhouse gas emission inventories,we analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of land use carbon emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 1995 to 2018 using land use and nighttime light data.We found that the carbon emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region increased from 124.6178 million t C·a^(-1) in 1995 to 357.0669 million t C·a^(-1) in 2018.However,the growth rate was slowing down.Beijing′s land use carbon emissions peaked in 2010 and Tianjin′s in 2015,while Hebei′s was still growing.Carbon absorption was concentrated in the northwest Yanshan Mountain-Taihang Mountain.Lower to medium carbon emissions were mainly distributed in the southeast plains,rural residential areas and Bohai Rim,while higher carbon emissions were dispersed in the higher-populated urban areas,such as the main urban areas of Beijing,Tianjin,Shijiazhuang,Langfang,Baoding.In total,the carbon absorption area and lower carbon emission area accounted for the largest portion of the study areas(90%±2%) during 1995-2018,but the carbon emissions largely occurred in the higher carbon emission areas(68.41% in 1995 to 87.13% in 2018).Together,our work shows a comprehensive measure of carbon emissions in several areas across China over the past few decades,and can be used to track carbon emission reduction measures to achieve carbon neutrality.