中国旅游业碳排放—旅游经济—生态环境耦合协调时空分异研究

Temporal and Spatial Differentiation of Coupling Coordination of Tourism Carbon Emissions,Tourism Economy and Ecological Environment in China

正确认识和处理旅游业碳排放—旅游经济—生态环境三者之间的关系是实现旅游业和人地系统可持续发展的前提。该文运用基于非期望产出的Super-SBM模型测算2000-2019年中国内地30个省域的旅游业碳排放效率,并以其作为旅游业碳排放系统的评价指标,运用熵值法分别测算旅游业碳排放、旅游经济与生态环境的综合评价指数,继而采用耦合协调模型和空间自相关模型,分析旅游业碳排放—旅游经济—生态环境耦合协调发展的时空分异特征。结果表明:1)研究期内旅游业碳排放、旅游经济与生态环境均呈上升态势,其中旅游业碳排放问题并未引起相关部门的重视,其指数波动态势明显,而旅游经济增长态势最明显;各省域旅游业碳排放、旅游经济与生态环境的综合发展水平总体呈上升趋势,整体呈东部>中部>东北>西部的空间分布特征。2)旅游业碳排放—旅游经济—生态环境耦合度处于高水平耦合,但耦合协调度整体偏低,仅达到勉强协调水平;三系统耦合协调度时序演变整体呈上升态势,但各地区耦合协调水平迥异,整体呈现出东部>中部>东北>西部的空间分布格局,地区发展速度也存在差异,2019年四地区均达到初级协调水平。3)局部省域耦合协调度的空间集聚特征凸显,具体呈现出显著的强强集聚和弱弱集聚的空间俱乐部趋同特征。

Correctly understanding and handling the relationship among tourism carbon emissions,tourism economy and ecological environment is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of tourism and the human-land system.Using the Super-SBM model based on unexpected output,the carbon emission efficiency of tourism in 30 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions) of Chinese mainland is measured from 2000 to 2019.Plus,the efficiency is decomposed into technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency so that it could be used as the evaluation index of the carbon emission system for tourism.The entropy method is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of tourism carbon emissions,tourism economy and ecological environment.Then,the coupling coordination degree model and spatial autocorrelation model are used to analyze the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of the coordinated development of tourism carbon emissions,tourism economy and ecological environment.The research results are as follows.1) During the research period,tourism carbon emissions,tourism economy and ecological environment are all on the rise.Among them,tourism carbon emissions have not attracted the attention of relevant departments,the fluctuation trend of the index is obvious.However,tourism economy has the most obvious growth.The comprehensive development level of tourism carbon emissions,tourism economy and ecological environment in various provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions) shows an overall upward trend,with the overall spatial distribution characteristics of East>Central>Northeast>West.2) The coupling degree of the three subsystems of tourism carbon emissions,tourism economy and ecological environment is at a high level,but the overall level of coupling coordination degree is low,only reaching the barely coordinated level.The time evolution of the coupling coordination degree of the three subsystems shows a rising trend as a whole,but the coupling coordination level is quite different in different regions,with the spatial pattern of East>Central>Northeast>West.At the same time,there are differences in regional development speed.The eastern,central,northeastern and western regions all reach the primary coordination level in 2019.3) The spatial agglomeration characteristics of coupling coordination degree of local provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions) are prominent,and the spatial clubs of strong agglomeration and weak agglomeration are convergent.