四库馆臣对别本的认识、处理及利用——以《四库全书总目》为中心的考察

The Library Officials’Understanding,Treatment and Utilization of Bie Ben:An Investigation Centered on the General Catalog of the Si Ku Quan Shu

《四库全书总目》著录及存目图书多达万余,每部图书均撰有提要并注明来源,在撮举大凡、条列得失的同时,对部分图书的版本亦有所交代,但多数情况下语焉不详,偶尔直接忽略。修纂《四库全书》时,汇聚四库馆的图书不乏异本,馆臣概称之为别本,主要包括同书之别本、别集或丛书之别本以及某部图书部分内容的摘出别刻本。鉴于别本的复杂性、特殊性以及质量参差等问题,在遵循“罕见之书有益于世道者”著录、“俚浅讹谬者”存目之原则的前提下,馆臣采取了正本别本均予著录、著录正本存目别本、正本别本一并存目三种处理办法。同时,馆臣还利用别本进行了不同程度的校勘补缺,从一个侧面反映了馆臣对别本的利用,以及珍视文献、甄别取舍的审慎态度。

There are more than ten thousand books inthe General Catalog of Si Ku Quan Shu,each of which has a synopsis and a clear indication of the source.In addition to listing the gains and losses,the version of some books is also explained,but in most cases,it is vague and is sometimes ignored directly.When compiling theSi Ku Quan Shu,the library officials gathered many books of different editions from Zheng Ben(正本,the official edi⁃tion)and called them Bie Ben(别本),which mainly included different editions of the same book or series and different editions of part of a book.In view of the complexity,particularity and uneven quality of Bie Ben,follow⁃ing the principle of“recording the rare books which are good for the world”and“cataloging the vulgar or inaccu⁃rate books,”the library officials adopted three methods in their compiling,namely,to record all the Zheng Ben and Bie Ben,to record Zheng Ben and catalog Bie Ben,or to record and catalog all the Zheng Ben and Bie Ben.At the same time,the officials used Bie Ben to collate and supplement the lack to varying degrees,which indi⁃cates the use of Bie Ben from another aspect and reflects their cautious attitude to literature.