从“争贫”到“弃贫”:农村贫困治理历程中非贫农户的角色演变--基于桂中H村的田野追踪分析

From“Fighting for Poverty”to“Abandoning Poverty”--Evolution of Role of Poor Households in Rural Poverty Governance Process:A Field Tracking Analysis Based on H Village in Central Guangxi

在农村贫困治理历程中,扶贫政策执行的路径依赖特性塑造了基层行动者的策略性“变通”行为,由此衍生出非贫农户“争贫”与成为贫困户后“弃贫”的二元逆向选择样态。基于桂中H村的田野追踪发现:在建档立卡期间,由于政府帮扶资源具有的显性福利与隐形利益,识别机制错位加剧了恶性竞争与简约治理下的“变通”处置,使得非贫农户以“身份的特殊性”与“弱者的武器”进行“争贫”,进而增进个人利益最大化。但在脱贫攻坚时期,由于个体脱贫压力与村庄舆论持续性“差序”传播形成的“涟漪效应”,行政考核压力与政策执行压力逐级加大,迫使被认定为贫困户的非贫农户采取各种策略“弃贫”,以消除贫困“污名化”的负面效应,进而降低自身的被关注度与舆论风险的社会放大。

In the process of rural poverty governance,the path dependence of poverty alleviation policy implementation has shaped the strategic“flexible”behavior of grass-roots actors,which has given rise to the dual reverse selection pattern of“fighting for poverty”and“abandoning poverty”for non-poor farmers.Based on the field tracking of H Village in Central Guangxi,it is found that during the period of eliminating absolute poverty,due to the explicit welfare and implicit benefits of government assistance resources,the misplacement of identification mechanism intensifies the administrative acquiescence under vicious competition and simple governance,causing non-poor farmers to“fight for poverty”with“the particularity of identity”and“the weapon of the weak”,thereby maximizing their personal interests.However,in the transition to the period of poverty Alleviation,due to the“ripple effect”formed by the pressure of individual poverty alleviation and the continuous“poor order”dissemination of village public opinion,the pressure of administrative assessment and policy implementation has increased step by step,forcing poor households to adopt various strategies to passively“abandoning poverty”,so as to eliminate the negative effect of poverty“stigmatization”,and thus reduce their social amplification of attention and public opinion risk.